Cognitive decline among individuals with history of mild symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A longitudinal prospective study nested to a population cohort

Brutto, Oscar H. Del; Wu, Shasha; Mera, Robertino M.; Costa, Aldo F.; Recalde, Bettsy Y.; Issa, Naoum P.

doi:10.1111/ene.14775

Cited by 128 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…In addition, one study used both methods (remote and beside). The time from the acute phase of the COVID infection varied from a few days ( 37 ) to 6 months ( 38 ). There is also a considerable variation in the severity of the COVID-19 disease, where some studies assessed patients who had been critically ill and needed mechanical ventilation for several days ( 34 , 37 ) to others assessing outpatients who had only mild symptoms ( 38 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time from the acute phase of the COVID infection varied from a few days ( 37 ) to 6 months ( 38 ). There is also a considerable variation in the severity of the COVID-19 disease, where some studies assessed patients who had been critically ill and needed mechanical ventilation for several days ( 34 , 37 ) to others assessing outpatients who had only mild symptoms ( 38 ). See Table 1 for an overview of descriptive data and results for included studies on cognitive manifestations of COVID-19.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Impairment After COVID-19—A Review on Objective Test Data

et al. 2021

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Objective: The aim was to conduct a review on the literature on objective cognitive impairment in patients after COVID-19.Methods: We performed a literature review and searched Ovid Medline in February 2021 based on a PECO scheme.Results: Twelve articles met all inclusion criteria. Total patient sample was <1,000. All studies on global cognitive function found impairment, ranging from 15 to 80% of the sampled patients. Seven studies on attention and executive functions reported impairment, with varying results depending on sub-domain and different tests. Three out of four studies reported memory difficulties, with two studies reporting short-term memory deficits. Although results indicate possible language impairment, only one study used domain-specific language tasks. Two out of four studies on visuospatial function did not report any impairment.Conclusion: Patients with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection appear to experience global cognitive impairment, impairment in memory, attention and executive function, and in particular verbal fluency. Based on the current results, we recommend clinicians to evaluate the need for cognitive assessment of patients with a recent COVID-19 infection, regardless of the severity of the disease, treatment methods and length of ICU stay. We need studies with larger sample and control group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment After COVID-19—A Review on Objective Test Data

et al. 2021

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“…The fourth research limitation is that we did not consider all the possible confounding factors that may affect cognitive function. For example, the status of infection of COVID-19 in participants may also have an effect on cognitive performance [39, 40] and daily activities. As the data available were limited due to retrospective study, we could only adjust for a few factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults in a class for preventing cognitive decline

Kouzuki

Furukawa

Mitani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We examined the effects of lifestyle and thoughts on cognitive function and change in cognitive function due to restrictions in daily life during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive decline. This was a retrospective case-control study. The participants were 88 older adults with mild cognitive decline who participated in a class designed to help prevent cognitive decline. The class was suspended from early-March to end of May 2020 to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and resumed in June 2020. We collected demographic and cognitive function test data (Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale [TDAS]) before and after class suspension and questionnaire data on their lifestyle and thoughts during the suspension. Change in TDAS scores from before and after the suspension was used to divide the participants into decline (2 or more points worsening) and non-decline (all other participants) groups, with 16 (18.2%) and 72 (81.8%) participants in each group, respectively. A logistic regression model showed that the odds ratio (OR) for cognitive decline was lower in participants whose responses were “engaged in hobbies” (OR = 0.07, p = 0.015), “worked on a worksheet about cognitive training provided by the town hall” (OR = 0.19, p = 0.026), and “had conversations over the phone” (OR = 0.28, p = 0.0495). There was a significant improvement in TDAS scores after class was resumed (p < 0.01). A proactive approach to intellectual activities and social ties may be important for the prevention of cognitive decline during periods of restrictions due to COVID-19. We found that cognitive function test scores before class suspension significantly improved after resuming classes. We speculate that continued participation in the class led to positive behavioral changes in daily life during periods of restriction due to COVID-19.

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“…4 At the same time, it appears that this infection may exacerbate-or result in the development of-additional morbidities in people of this age group, many of whom are left with long-lasting sequelae. [5][6][7][8] For example, a decrease in hand grip strength (HGS) has been associated with several chronic diseases, length of hospital stay, institutionalization and mortality, 9 and a decrease in muscle strength has been linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 10 Several studies have addressed the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased muscle strength, but the temporal relationship between them has not been well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand grip strength before and after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in community‐dwelling older adults

Brutto

Mera

Pérez³

et al. 2021

J American Geriatrics Society

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Objective: To assess the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased hand grip strength (HGS).Design: Longitudinal population-based study. Setting: Community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥60 years) living in a rural Ecuadorian village struck by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Participants: Of 282 enrolled individuals, 254 (90%) finished the study.Measurements: HGS was measured 3 months before (January 2020) and 9 months after the introduction of the virus into the population (January 2021). SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing was performed in two rounds: in May-June (early) and September-November (late), 2020. An independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and HGS decline was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Changes in HGS scores in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive subjects, according to the time elapsed since seroconversion, were compared with those who remained seronegative.Results: Overall, 149 (59%) individuals became seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. The mean HGS (in kg) was 25.3 ± 8.3 at baseline and 23.7 ± 8.1 at follow-up (p = 0.028), with 140 individuals having >5% HGS decline between both measurements. The follow-up HGS measurement decreased by 1.72 kg in seropositive individuals, and by 0.57 kg in their seronegative counterparts (p < 0.001). SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals were 2.27 times more likely (95% CI: 1.33-3.87) to have a lower HGS measurement at the time of follow-up than those who remained seronegative. When compared with seronegative subjects, seropositive patients with early seroconversion were 3.41 times (95% CI: 1.73-6.74) more likely to have >5% HGS decline at the time of the follow-up than those with later, i.e., more recent, infections. Conclusions: This study shows an independent deleterious impact of SARS-CoV-2 on HGS that is more marked among individuals with infections that occurred more than 8 months before follow-up HGS. Results suggest the possibility of chronic damage to skeletal muscles by SARS-CoV-2.

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Cognitive decline among individuals with history of mild symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A longitudinal prospective study nested to a population cohort

Cited by 128 publications

References 49 publications

Cognitive Impairment After COVID-19—A Review on Objective Test Data

Cognitive Impairment After COVID-19—A Review on Objective Test Data

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults in a class for preventing cognitive decline

Hand grip strength before and after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in community‐dwelling older adults

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