Cognitive Control: Componential or Emergent?

Cooper, Richard P.

doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01110.x

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Although a previous study aiming to determine the organization and possible dissociability of the executive functions found them to be both diverse and unified (Miyake et al, 2000), it is only very recently has it been suggested that cognitive control is achieved via the interactions of control components (Badre, 2011). There is now emerging debate regarding whether cognitive control is better defined as comprising discrete functional components attributable to unique functional anatomy, whether it emerges from more basic psychological functions that often serve other purposes or whether it is best conceptualized as being both componential and emergent (Cooper, 2010; Juvina, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control and attentional functions

Mackie

Dam

Fan

2013

Brain and Cognition

156

123

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Cognitive control is essential to flexible, goal-directed behavior under uncertainty, yet its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Because attentional functions are known to allocate mental resources and prioritize the information to be processed by the brain, we propose that the attentional functions of alerting, orienting, and executive control and the interactions among them contribute to cognitive control in the service of uncertainty reduction. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between cognitive control and attentional functions. We used the Majority Function Task (MFT) to manipulate uncertainty in order to evoke cognitive control along with the Revised Attention Network Test (ANT-R) to measure the efficiency and the interactions of attentional functions. A backwards, stepwise regression model revealed that performance on the MFT could be significantly predicted by attentional functions and their interactions as measured by the ANT-R. These results provide preliminary support for our theory that the attentional functions may be involved in the implementation of cognitive control as required to reduce uncertainty, though further investigation is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control and attentional functions

Mackie

Dam

Fan

2013

Brain and Cognition

156

123

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“…Therefore, consistent with the unity/diversity framework of executive functioning (Miyake et al, 2000), inhibition and updating processes would be conjointly involved in stimuli processing during the task. These two functions might be regulated by common core cognitive control processes (Cooper, 2010), namely WM mechanisms responsible for task context and goals maintenance (Braver et al, 2007). Classically, the interference effect in the task is characterized by slower reaction times (RTs) for RN than NN trials (D'Esposito et al, 1999;Jonides et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating effect of COMT Val158Met polymorphism on interference resolution during a working memory task

Jaspar

Dideberg

Maquet

et al. 2015

Brain and Cognition

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Jaspar M., Dideberg V., Bours V. Maquet P., Collette F. (2015). Modulating Effect of COMT Val 158 Met Polymorphism on Interference Resolution during a Working Memory Task. Brain and Cognition (In press)2 Abstract Genetic variability related to the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has received increasing attention in the last 15 years, in particular as a potential modulator of the neural substrates underlying inhibitory processes and updating in working memory (WM). In an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we administered a modified version of the Sternberg probe recency task (Sternberg, 1966) to 43 young healthy volunteers, varying the level of interference across successive items. The task was divided into two parts (high vs. low interference) to induce either proactive or reactive control processes. The participants were separated into three groups according to their COMT Val 158 Met genotype [Val/Val (VV); Val/Met (VM); Met/Met (MM)]. The general aim of the study was to determine whether COMT polymorphism has a modulating effect on the neural substrates of interference resolution during WM processing. Results indicate that interfering trials were associated with greater involvement of frontal cortices (bilateral medial frontal gyrus, left precentral and superior frontal gyri, right inferior frontal gyrus) in VV homozygous subjects (by comparison to Met allele carriers) only in the proactive condition of the task. In addition, analysis of peristimulus haemodynamic responses (PSTH) revealed that the genotype-related difference observed in the left SFG was specifically driven by a larger increase in activity from the storage to the recognition phase of the interfering trials in VV homozygous subjects. These results confirm the impact of COMT genotype on inhibitory processes during a WM task, with an advantage for Met allele carriers. Interestingly, this impact on frontal areas is present only when the level of interference is high, and especially during the transition from storage to recognition in the left superior frontal gyrus.Keywords: COMT gene -Working memory -fMRI -Cognitive control 3 IntroductionIn the last two decades, several lines of evidence have suggested that the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) plays an important role in cognitive functions associated with prefrontal activity (Braver & Cohen, 1999;Cropley et al., 2006;Mattay et al., 2002). The study of the influence of DA on cognition in healthy populations appears particularly relevant given the long hypothesized role of DA in schizophrenia (Carlsson et al., 2000), a pathology that is well known to be associated with cognitive impairments (in particular in the executive domain). In that general context, genetic variability related to the catechol-Omethyltransferase (COMT) gene has received increasing attention as a potential modulator of executive functioning (Witte & Flöel, 2012). The human COMT gene codes for the major enzyme involved in the metabolic degradation of released DA. This gene, located on the lon...

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“…While the range and number of executive functions that have been proposed suggests that significant progress has been made in understanding cognitive control, cataloguing and understanding the operation and interaction of executive control functions in specific tasks remains a significant challenge (Cooper, 2010). One of the more ambitious behavioural studies that has attempted to make progress on this issue is that of Miyake et al (2000), who were primarily concerned with the functions of response inhibition, set-shifting and memory updating / monitoring (i.e., "monitoring and coding incoming information for relevance to the task at hand and then appropriately revising the items held in working memory"; Miyake et al, 2000, p. 57).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Contributions of Set-Shifting and Monitoring to Dual-Task Interference

Cooper

Wutke

Davelaar

2012

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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It is commonly argued that complex behaviour is regulated by a number of "executive functions" which work to co-ordinate the operation of disparate cognitive systems in the service of an overall goal. However, the identity, roles, and interactions of specific putative executive functions remain contentious, even within widely accepted tests of executive function. The authors present two experiments that use dual-task interference to provide further support for multiple distinct executive functions and to establish the differential contributions of those functions in two relatively complex executive tasks -Random Generation and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results are interpreted in terms of process models of the complex executive tasks.

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Cognitive Control: Componential or Emergent?

Cited by 44 publications

References 54 publications

Cognitive control and attentional functions

Cognitive control and attentional functions

Modulating effect of COMT Val158Met polymorphism on interference resolution during a working memory task

Differential Contributions of Set-Shifting and Monitoring to Dual-Task Interference

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