Cognitive control and schizophrenia: The greatest reliability of the Stroop task

Laurenson, Charlotte; Gorwood, Philip; Orsat, Manuel; Lhuillier, Jean-Paul; Gall, Didier Le; Richard‐Devantoy, Stéphane

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.004

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Stroop test has long been taken as a measure of perceptual switching, selective attention and cognitive inhibition [53, 54]. Accordingly, in our study, less INT-W might indicate better of PSS- PPI in control subjects but not in patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Deficits of perceived spatial separation induced prepulse inhibition in patients with schizophrenia: relationships to symptoms and neurocognition

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPrepulse inhibition (PPI) and attention were impaired, which may cause psychotic symptoms and (or) hinder the cognitive functions in schizophrenia. However, due to the measurement methods of PPI, findings about the relationship between PPI and clinical symptoms, cognitive performances have been equivocal.MethodsSeventy-five schizophrenia patients (SZ) and 50 healthy controls (HC) were assessed in a modified acoustic PPI paradigm, named perceived spatial separation-induced PPI (PSS-PPI), compared to perceived spatial co-location PPI (PSC-PPI) with inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 120 ms. Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and the Stroop Color-Word Test were administered to all subjects.ResultsSignificant decrease in the modified PPI was found in the patients as compared to the controls, and effect sizes (Cohen’d) for patients vs. HCs % PPI levels achieved a significant level (PSC-PPI d = 0.84, PSS-PPI d = 1.27). A logistic regression model based on PSS-PPI significantly represented the diagnostic grouping (χ2 = 29.3; p < 0 .001), with 85.2% area under ROC curve in predicting group membership.In addition, patients exhibited deficits in neurocognition. Among patients of “non-remission”, after controlling for gender, age, education, duration, recurrence times, onset age, cigarettes per day and chlorpromazine equivalent dosage, PSS-PPI levels were associated with positive and negative symptoms, PANSS total and thought disorder (P1, P6, P7, N5, N7, G9). In multiple linear regression analyses, male and higher attention scores contributed to better PSC-PPI and PSS-PPI in controls group, while larger amount of smoke and longer word-color interfere time contributed to poor PSS-PPI. In patients’ group, higher education and attention scores contributed to better PSS-PPI, while repeated relapse contributed to poor PSS-PPI.ConclusionsThe acoustic perceived spatial separation-induced PPIs may bring to light the psychopathological symptoms, especially for thought disorder, and the mechanism(s) of the novel PPI paradigm was associated with attention function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Deficits of perceived spatial separation induced prepulse inhibition in patients with schizophrenia: relationships to symptoms and neurocognition

et al. 2017

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“…Such cognitive processes include inhibitory control, working memory, attentional control, and cognitive flexibility. Moderate to severe impairments in working memory and inhibitory control have been described in meth use disorder and schizophrenia (76,(120)(121)(122)(123). Longitudinal evidence suggests that executive function impairments may predispose individuals to developing schizophrenia (124).…”

Section: Executive Functions: Working Memory and Inhibitory Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effects in adolescents suggest that reduced inhibitory control may be a predisposing factor to developing meth use disorder. There is extensive evidence that schizophrenia also leads to poorer performance on the Stroop task compared to controls (122,123). Salo et al (2011) explicitly compared Stroop performance between people with schizophrenia and people with meth use disorder, and found greater inhibitory deficits in early abstinent (2-7 days) meth dependents compared to schizophrenia patients (52).…”

Section: Inhibitory Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition and Related Neural Findings on Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Insights and Treatment Implications From Schizophrenia Research

et al. 2019

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Despite the prevalence of methamphetamine (meth) use disorder, research on meth is disproportionately scarce compared to research on other illicit drugs. Existing evidence highlights cognitive deficits as an impediment against daily function and treatment of chronic meth use. Similar deficits are also observed in schizophrenia, and this review therefore draws on schizophrenia research by examining similarities and differences between the two disorders on cognition and related neural findings. While meth use disorder and schizophrenia are two distinct disorders, they are highly co-morbid and share impairments in similar cognitive domains and altered brain structure/function. This narrative review specifically identifies overlapping features such as deficits in learning and memory, social cognition, working memory and inhibitory/impulse control. We report that while working memory deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, such deficits are inconsistently observed following chronic meth use. Similar structural and functional abnormalities are also observed in cortical and limbic regions between the two disorders, except for cingulate activity where differences are observed. There is growing evidence that targeting cognitive symptoms may improve functional outcome in schizophrenia, with evidence of normalized abnormal brain activity in regions associated with cognition. Considering the overlap between meth use disorder and schizophrenia, targeting cognitive symptoms in people with meth use disorder may also improve treatment outcome and daily function.

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“…A large body of evidence, some of which is discussed in later sections, shows that patients with schizophrenia display deficits in all of the above‐mentioned cognitive abilities. Executive deficits in tests based on resolving conflicts between different sensory inputs/contexts or switching between alternative response strategies are hallmark cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and strong predictors of occupational disability …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and neuronal discoordination in schizophrenia: From ensembles through networks to symptoms

et al. 2019

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Despite the substantial knowledge accumulated by past research, the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and causal treatments still remain unclear. Deficits of cognition and information processing in schizophrenia are today often viewed as the primary and core symptoms of this devastating disorder. These deficits likely result from disruptions in the coordination of neuronal and neural activity. The aim of this review is to bring together convergent evidence of discoordinated brain circuits in schizophrenia at multiple levels of resolution, ranging from principal cells and interneurons, neuronal ensembles and local circuits, to large-scale brain networks. We show how these aberrations could underlie deficits in cognitive control and other higher order cognitive-behavioural functions. Converging evidence from both animal models and patients with schizophrenia is presented in an effort to gain insight into common features of deficits in the brain information processing in this disorder, marked by disruption of several neurotransmitter and signalling systems and severe behavioural outcomes. K E Y W O R D SfMRI, GABA interneurons, humans, oscillations, psychosis, rats

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Cognitive control and schizophrenia: The greatest reliability of the Stroop task

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Deficits of perceived spatial separation induced prepulse inhibition in patients with schizophrenia: relationships to symptoms and neurocognition

Deficits of perceived spatial separation induced prepulse inhibition in patients with schizophrenia: relationships to symptoms and neurocognition

Cognition and Related Neural Findings on Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Insights and Treatment Implications From Schizophrenia Research

Neural and neuronal discoordination in schizophrenia: From ensembles through networks to symptoms

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