Cognitive biases in individuals with psychotic-like experiences: A systematic review and a meta-analysis

Livet, Audrey; Navarri, Xavier; Potvin, Stéphane; Conrod, Patricia J.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.016

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…On the self-description level, aberrant salience is consistently linked with psychotic symptoms [28,29]. For a review of studies on non-clinical populations, see [2]. However, the results of behavioural studies are ambiguous in this regard.…”

Section: Role Of Aberrant Salience In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive biases are identified as an important factor in the development and sustainment of symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and positive symptoms in particular [1]. In addition, numerous studies link cognitive biases with the clinical and non-clinical risk of psychosis [2][3][4][5]. The contribution of the cognitive biases to positive symptoms have been confirmed by clinical studies showing a beneficial impact reduction of cognitive biases on the severity of symptoms [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Correlates of Aberrant Salience and Source Monitoring in Schizophrenia and At-Risk Mental States—A Systematic Review of fMRI Studies

Kowalski

Aleksandrowicz

Dąbkowska

et al. 2021

JCM

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Cognitive biases are an important factor contributing to the development and symptom severity of psychosis. Despite the fact that various cognitive biases are contributing to psychosis, they are rarely investigated together. In the current systematic review, we aimed at investigating specific and shared functional neural correlates of two important cognitive biases: aberrant salience and source monitoring. We conducted a systematic search of fMRI studies of said cognitive biases. Eight studies on aberrant salience and eleven studies on source monitoring were included in the review. We critically discussed behavioural and neuroimaging findings concerning cognitive biases. Various brain regions are associated with aberrant salience and source monitoring in individuals with schizophrenia and the risk of psychosis. The ventral striatum and insula contribute to aberrant salience. The medial prefrontal cortex, superior and middle temporal gyrus contribute to source monitoring. The anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus contribute to both cognitive biases, constituting a neural overlap. Our review indicates that aberrant salience and source monitoring may share neural mechanisms, suggesting their joint role in producing disrupted external attributions of perceptual and cognitive experiences, thus elucidating their role in positive symptoms of psychosis. Account bridging mechanisms of these two biases is discussed. Further studies are warranted.

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Section: Role Of Aberrant Salience In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Aberrant Salience and Source Monitoring in Schizophrenia and At-Risk Mental States—A Systematic Review of fMRI Studies

Kowalski

Aleksandrowicz

Dąbkowska

et al. 2021

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the self-description level, aberrant salience is consistently linked with psychotic symptoms [27,28]. For a review of studies on non-clinical populations, see [2]. However, the results of behavioural studies are ambiguous in this regard.…”

Section: Role Of Aberrant Salience In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive biases are identified as an important factor in the development and sustainment of symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and positive symptoms in particular [1]. Also, numerous studies link cognitive biases with the clinical and nonclinical risk of psychosis [2][3][4][5]. The contribution of the cognitive biases to positive symptoms have been confirmed by clinical studies showing a beneficial impact reduction of cognitive biases on the severity of symptoms [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Aberrant Salience and Source Monitoring in Schizophrenia and at-Risk Mental States - A Systematic Review of fMRI Studies

Kowalski

Aleksandrowicz

Dąbkowska

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cognitive biases are an important factor contributing to the development and symptom severity of psychosis. Despite that various cognitive biases are contributing to psychosis, they are rarely investigated together. In the current systematic review, we aimed at investigating specific and shared neural correlates of two important cognitive biases: aberrant salience and source monitoring. We conducted a systematic search of fMRI studies of said cognitive biases. Eight studies on aberrant salience and eleven studies on source monitoring were included in the review. We critically discussed behavioural and neuroimaging findings concerning cognitive biases. Various brain regions are associated with aberrant salience and source monitoring in individuals with schizophrenia and the risk of psychosis. Ventral striatum and insula contribute to aberrant salience. The medial prefrontal cortex, superior and middle temporal gyrus contribute to source monitoring. The anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus contribute to both cognitive biases, constituting a neural overlap. Our review indicates that aberrant salience and source monitoring may share neural mechanisms, suggesting their joint role in producing disrupted external attributions of perceptual and cognitive experiences, thus elucidating their role in positive symptoms of psychosis. Account bridging mechanisms of these two biases is discussed. Further studies are warranted.

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“…According to Beck's cognitive model, it is not life events that generate dysfunctional emotions, but more precisely the individual's interpretations of these events, such as the experience of NAT. NAT have been defined as cognitive processes that occur at a conscious or pre-conscious level, presenting irrational, rigid content that typically produces significant emotional discomfort, as a reflection of the individual's negative cognitive triad (negative thoughts about the self, world, and future) [13][14][15]. In primary psychotic disorders (PPD), the experience of NAT has been associated with the experience of depression and anxiety, as well as with the experience of psychotic spectrum symptoms like delusions and hallucinations [11,[16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation between Negative Automatic Thoughts and Psychological Inflexibility in Schizophrenia

Popa

Rus

Lee

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most severe disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) spectrum. Negative automatic thoughts (NAT), cognitive fusion (CF), and experiential avoidance (EA), as part of psychological inflexibility (PI), can be considered important dysfunctional cognitive processes in schizophrenia. Methods: In the present study, two samples were included: a target group consisting of 41 people with schizophrenia (23 females; aged 44.98 ± 11.74), and a control group consisting of 40 individuals with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) (27 males; aged 60.38 ± 9.14). Results: Differences were found between the two groups, with patients with schizophrenia showing an increased frequency of NAT, as well as higher levels of CF and EA (psychological inflexibility), compared to the control group. NAT were the mediator in the relation between the schizophrenia diagnosis and CF, as well as EA. Conclusion: Individuals with schizophrenia present a specific dysfunctional pattern of cognitive functioning, in which negative automatic thoughts represent a distinctive pathway to cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance.

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Cognitive biases in individuals with psychotic-like experiences: A systematic review and a meta-analysis

Cited by 57 publications

References 60 publications

Neural Correlates of Aberrant Salience and Source Monitoring in Schizophrenia and At-Risk Mental States—A Systematic Review of fMRI Studies

Neural Correlates of Aberrant Salience and Source Monitoring in Schizophrenia and At-Risk Mental States—A Systematic Review of fMRI Studies

Neural Correlates of Aberrant Salience and Source Monitoring in Schizophrenia and at-Risk Mental States - A Systematic Review of fMRI Studies

The Relation between Negative Automatic Thoughts and Psychological Inflexibility in Schizophrenia

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