„Cognitive bias modification“ als mögliche Add-on-Therapie bei Depression

Tendolkar, Indira; Vrijsen, Janna N.; Becker, Eni S.

doi:10.1007/s00278-019-0354-0

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Even after only short training periods, this method called cognitive bias modification has profound effects (Wiers et al 2011) -for instance, in heavy drinkers it reduces alcohol craving, arousal ratings of alcohol pictures, and relapse rates, and even leads to a reduction in cue-evoked activation in the amygdala (Wiers et al 2015). Similar effects have been proclaimed for anxiety disorders (MacLeod and Mathews 2012;Stevens et al 2018), depression (Koster and Hoorelbeke 2015;Tendolkar et al 2019), excessive online gaming (Rabinovitz and Nagar 2015), obesity (Kakoschke et al 2018;Mehl et al 2019), phobias (Fox et al 2015), and smoking (Mühlig et al 2016). However, the therapeutic application of modifying cognitive biases of approach and avoidance is still a rather recent development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Embodiment of the automatic approach bias

Solzbacher¹,

Czeszumski²,

Walter³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Tendencies of approach and avoidance seem to be a universal characteristic of humans. Specifically, individuals are faster in avoiding than in approaching negative stimuli and they are faster in approaching than in avoiding positive stimuli. The existence of this automatic approach/avoidance bias has been demonstrated in many studies. Furthermore, this bias is thought to play a key role in psychological disorders like drug addiction and phobias. However, its mechanisms are far from clear. Theories of embodied cognition postulate, that the nature of gestures play a key role in this process.To shed light on the role of the involved gesture we employed a 2x2 factorial design with two types of stimuli. Participants had either to approach positive and avoid negative stimuli (congruent conditions) or to avoid positive stimuli and approach negative stimuli (incongruent conditions). Further, they responded either with a joystick or a button press on a response pad. Participants reacted faster in congruent conditions, i.e., avoiding negative stimuli and approaching positive stimuli, then in incongruent conditions. This replicates the known approach and avoidance bias. However, directly analyzing the button press condition participants revealed no reaction time advantage for congruent trials compared to incongruent trials. In contrast, in the joystick condition participants were significantly faster performing congruent reactions than incongruent reactions. This interaction, a significant reaction time advantage, when the response is enacted by moving a joystick towards or away from the body gives evidence that approach-avoidance tendencies have a crucial bodily component.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Embodiment of the automatic approach bias

Solzbacher¹,

Czeszumski²,

Walter³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even after only short training periods, this method called cognitive bias modification has profound effects (Wiers et al, 2011) -for instance, in heavy drinkers it reduces alcohol craving, arousal ratings of alcohol pictures, and relapse rates, and even leads to a reduction in cue-evoked activation in the amygdala (Wiers et al, 2015). Similar effects have been proclaimed for anxiety disorders (MacLeod and Mathews, 2012;Stevens et al, 2018), depression (Koster and Hoorelbeke, 2015;Tendolkar et al, 2019), excessive online gaming (Rabinovitz and Nagar, 2015), obesity (Kakoschke et al, 2018;Mehl et al, 2019), phobias (Fox et al, 2015), and smoking (Mühlig et al, 2017). However, the therapeutic application of modifying cognitive biases of approach and avoidance is still a rather recent development and ongoing subject of critique and discussion.…”

Section: Permission To Reuse and Copyrightmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neural foundations of cooperative social interactions

Czeszumski

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The embodied-embedded-enactive-extended (4E) approach to study cognition suggests that interaction with the world is a crucial component of our cognitive processes. Most of our time, we interact with other people. Therefore, studying cognition without interaction is incomplete. Until recently, social neuroscience has only focused on studying isolated human and animal brains, leaving interaction unexplored. To fill this gap, we studied interacting participants, focusing on both intra- and inter-brain (hyperscanning) neural activity. In the first study, we invited dyads to perform a visual task in both a cooperative and a competitive context while we measured EEG. We found that mid-frontal activity around 200-300 ms after receiving monetary rewards was sensitive to social context and differed between cooperative and competitive situations. In the second study, we asked participants to coordinate their movements with each other and with a robotic partner. We found significantly stronger EEG amplitudes at frontocentral electrodes when people interacted with a robotic partner. Lastly, we performed a comprehensive literature review and the first meta-analysis in the emerging field of hyperscanning that validated it as a method to study social interaction. Taken together, our results showed that adding a second participant (human or AI/robotic) fostered our understanding of human cognition. We learned that the activity at frontocentral electrodes is sensitive to social context and type of partner (human or robotic). In both studies, the participants’ interaction was required to show these novel neural processes involved in action monitoring. Similarly, studying inter-brain neural activity allows for the exploration of new aspects of cognition. Many cognitive functions involved in successful social interactions are accompanied by neural synchrony between brains, suggesting the extended form of our cognition.

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Smartphone-Apps zur Verbesserung der Körperzufriedenheit?

Schmidt

Martin

2021

Psychotherapeut

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„Cognitive bias modification“ als mögliche Add-on-Therapie bei Depression

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Evidence for the Embodiment of the automatic approach bias

Evidence for the Embodiment of the automatic approach bias

Neural foundations of cooperative social interactions

Smartphone-Apps zur Verbesserung der Körperzufriedenheit?

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