Cognitive bias in the chick anxiety–depression model

Salmeto, Amy L.; Hymel, Kristen A.; Carpenter, Erika C.; Brilot, Ben O.; Bateson, Melissa; Sufka, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.007

Cited by 126 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Also, there is an experimentally detected effect of so-called cognitive bias in the anxiety-depression type of behavior, where anxious and depressive individuals tend to adopt a pessimistic interpretation of the external stimuli [59,60]. So in these experiments behavioral patterns are also modulated by the consciousness.…”

Section: A Behavioral Compensation Of the Depression-like Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psycho-immune Partnership in the Dynamic Responses of Living Systems

Koptyug²,

Petrov³

et al. 2014

LSMR

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Abstract-Present paper outlines certain possibilities for a new approach to the generalized modeling of the dynamics of living organism reaction to the changes in its environment. It is shown that there exists common functional "alignment" of the immune and psychic responses in the living organism reaction to the changes in the environment. This is manifested in the experimentally recorded matching of the response scenarios and activities in the immune and psychic domains. Thus, one may conclude that there exist two functionally matched systems (psychic and immune) tracking the external influences and responding to them. On the other hand it is feasible that one is actually dealing with a complex inseparable psycho-immune system and experimentally monitors different aspects of its activity describing these from two different points of view. Given analysis of available experimental data seems to support both of the above alternatives without giving undoubted preferences to any of them. However treating the situation form the formal logic point of view certain preferences can be given to the concept of an inseparable psycho-immune system modeled in two different ways. This approach can also resolve certain collisions happening with the attempts to describe direct interrelations between psychic and immune domains, and can lead the way to higher-level functionality models of the dynamic responses of the living organisms.

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Section: A Behavioral Compensation Of the Depression-like Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psycho-immune Partnership in the Dynamic Responses of Living Systems

Koptyug²,

Petrov³

et al. 2014

LSMR

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“…Beginning with the seminal study by Harding, Paul, and Mendl (2004), who introduced a novel approach to determine the emotional states of rats by measuring changes in judgment bias, cognitive bias investigations have been performed in a range of animal species, including rats (Burman, Parker, Paul, & Mendl, 2008, 2009Enkel et al, 2010a;Harding et al, 2004), starlings (Brilot, Asher, & Bateson, 2010;Matheson, Asher, & Bateson, 2008), dogs (Burman et al, 2011;Mendl et al, 2010), sheep (Doyle, Fisher, Hinch, Boissy, & Lee, 2010), chicks (Salmeto et al, 2011), rhesus macaques (Bethell, Semple, Holmes, & MacLarnon, 2007), and even honeybees (Bateson, Desire, Gartside, & Wright, 2011;Mendl, Paul, & Chittka, 2011). While the first attempts to develop appropriate tasks for assessing cognitive bias were based on go/no-go decisions (e.g., Bateson & Matheson, 2007;Harding et al, 2004), the problem of not being able to distinguish between no-go as a response indicator and as a response omission has been overcome by developing go/go tasks, requiring an active response of subjects to both the positive and the negative stimuli (e.g., Brydges, Leach, Nicol, Wright, & Bateson, 2010;Enkel et al, 2010a;Matheson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the first attempts to develop appropriate tasks for assessing cognitive bias were based on go/no-go decisions (e.g., Bateson & Matheson, 2007;Harding et al, 2004), the problem of not being able to distinguish between no-go as a response indicator and as a response omission has been overcome by developing go/go tasks, requiring an active response of subjects to both the positive and the negative stimuli (e.g., Brydges, Leach, Nicol, Wright, & Bateson, 2010;Enkel et al, 2010a;Matheson et al, 2008). Furthermore, a variety of different approaches have been used to manipulate affective state, ranging from unpredictable housing events (Harding et al, 2004) and the provision/removal of environmental enrichment (Brilot et al, 2010;Burman et al, 2008) to the variation of lighting conditions , and including the induction of both negative (Harding et al, 2004;Salmeto et al, 2011) and positive (Brydges et al, 2010;Burman et al, 2011) emotional states. Notably, there has been a strong emphasis on the study of negative, rather than positive, affective states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glass full of optimism: Enrichment effects on cognitive bias in a rat model of depression

Richter

Schick

Hoyer

et al. 2012

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

111

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Investigations of cognitive biases in animals are conceptually and translationally valuable because they contribute to animal welfare research and help to extend and refine our understanding of human emotional disorders, where biased information processing is a critical causal and maintenance factor. We employed the "learned helplessness" genetic rat model of depression in studying cognitive bias and its modification by environmental manipulations. Using a spatial judgment task, responses to ambiguous spatial cues were assessed before and after environmental enrichment to test whether this manipulation would cause an optimistic shift in emotional state. Twenty-four congenitally helpless and nonhelpless male rats were trained to discriminate two different locations, "rewarded" versus "aversive." After successful acquisition of this spatial discrimination, cognitive bias was probed by measuring responses to three ambiguous locations. Latencies to "reach" and to actively "choose" a goal pot were recorded alongside exploratory behaviors. An overall strain difference was observed, with helpless rats displaying longer "reach" latencies than nonhelpless rats. This implies a "pessimistic" response bias in helpless rats, underscoring their depressive-like phenotype. No strain differences were observed regarding other behavioral measures. Half of the animals were then transferred to enriched cages and retested. Environmental enrichment resulted in reduced "choose" latencies in both rat strains, associating enrichment with more optimistic interpretations of ambiguous cues. Our results emphasize the suitability of cognitive bias measurement for animal emotion assessment. They extend the methodological repertoire for characterizing complex phenotypes and bear implications for animal welfare research and for the use of animal models in preclinical research.

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“…Neuropsychological tests of emotional processing almost exclusively utilise stimuli-for instance, facial images or words-that cannot be used with nonhuman animals. On the basis of the same neurocognitive theories that underpin these methods, but working with dimensions that are not species specific, cognitive affective biases have been demonstrated in a number of animal species (Brilot, Asher, & Bateson, 2010;Brydges, Leach, Nicol, Wright, & Bateson, 2011;Doyle et al, 2011;Salmeto et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a novel translational task for assessing emotional biases in different species

Anderson

Hardcastle

Munafò

et al. 2011

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Changes in the processing of emotional information are key features of affective disorders. Neuropsychological tests based on emotional faces or words are used to detect emotional/affective biases in humans, but these tests are not applicable to animal species. In the present study, we investigated whether a novel affective tone discrimination task (ATDT), developed to study emotion-related behaviour in rats, could also be used to quantify changes in affective states in humans. To date, the methods used in human neuropsychology have not been applicable to animal experiments. Participants completed a training session in which they learnt to discriminate specific tone frequencies and to correctly respond in order to gain emotionally valenced outcomes, to obtain rewards (money), or to avoid punishment (an aversive sound clip). During a subsequent test session, additional ambiguous probe tones were presented at frequencies intermediate between the reward and avoidance paired tones. At the end of the task, participants completed self-report questionnaires. All participants made more avoidance responses to the most ambiguous tone cues, suggesting a bias towards avoidance of punishment. Individual differences in the degrees of bias observed were correlated with anxiety measures, suggesting the task's sensitivity to differences in state anxiety within a healthy population. Further studies in clinical populations will be necessary to assess the task's sensitivity to pathological anxiety states.These data suggest that this affective tone discrimination task provides a novel method to study cognitive affective biases in different species, including humans, and offers a novel assessment to study anxiety.

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Cognitive bias in the chick anxiety–depression model

Cited by 126 publications

References 32 publications

Psycho-immune Partnership in the Dynamic Responses of Living Systems

Psycho-immune Partnership in the Dynamic Responses of Living Systems

A glass full of optimism: Enrichment effects on cognitive bias in a rat model of depression

Evaluation of a novel translational task for assessing emotional biases in different species

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