Cognitive Behaviour Therapies in Britain: The Historical Context and Present Situation

Marks, Sarah

doi:10.4135/9781446288368.n1

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…However, they strongly reintroduced the behavioral element which has historically been central in the British landscape, based on the work of Victor Meyer in the days of the Protocol for Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) for obsessive compulsive disorder (Meyer 1966 ). British behaviorism was more likely to provide a suitable candidate for merging with Beck’s CT because of Meyer’s efforts in developing appropriate case formulation procedures (Bruch 2015 ; Marks 2012 ; Rachman 2015 ). Beck also expanded the range of applications and increased behavioral components in his model (Beck et al 1979 , 1985 ).…”

Section: Self-knowledge In Beck’s Ct As a Core Beliefmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical and Theoretical Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: From Structural Self-Knowledge to Functional Processes

Ruggiero

Spada

Caselli³

et al. 2018

J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther

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This paper critically examines the historical conceptualization of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy approaches (CBT) as a direct clinical counterpart of the cognitive revolution. The main “second wave” cognitive psychotherapies, either standard cognitive therapy (CT) or constructivist, in spite of their differences, share a common conceptualization of psychopathological factors as superordinate structural cognitive content belonging to the self: self-beliefs, self-schemata, personality organizations and so on. On the other hand, rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is an exception given that in REBT self-knowledge is not the core psychopathological tenet, being rather a derivate mechanism. Moreover, in non clinical cognitive science cognition is conceived as a regulatory function that operates retroactively and not in a hierarchically super- ordered fashion centered on the self. A historical review suggests that in both CT and constructivist model the structuralistic model of self-centered cognition may have emerged for both cultural and scientific reasons: self-centered cognitive models may be more readily understandable to clinicians as they allow for a straightforward identification of operationalizable self-beliefs. The emergence of new “third wave” process-centered CBT approaches may represent a comeback to functionalism, where cognition is considered again a regulatory function and not a structure. In addition, REBT’s interest in dysfunctional evaluations not focused on the self presaged this clinical and scientific turning point toward functionalism.

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Section: Self-knowledge In Beck’s Ct As a Core Beliefmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical and Theoretical Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: From Structural Self-Knowledge to Functional Processes

Ruggiero

Spada

Caselli³

et al. 2018

J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther

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“…The history of psychotherapies in France, above all, centers around the status of psychoanalysis (de Mijolla, 2012;Ohayon, 2006b;Roudinesco, 1990), and, with the exception of a few pioneers' testimonies (Agathon, , 1982Freixa & Baqué, 1992, 2007Seiden, 1994), we do not have at our disposal a historical overview of the development of behaviorism and its therapeutic applications. 2 On a more general level, this work follows the trend of a series of studies that have opened the way toward an intellectual and cultural history of behaviorism and CBT-both inside the Anglo-Saxon context (Marks, 2012;Plas, 2008;Rosner, 2012Rosner, , 2014 and outside of it (Cirino, Miranda, & Cruz, 2012;Goldwurm, 1999;Korman, Viotti, & Garay, 2015).…”

Section: Subscriptions and Special Offersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond indifference and aversion: The critical reception and belated acceptance of behavior therapy in France.

Amouroux¹

2017

History of Psychology

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In 1960s France, behavior therapy attracted the attention of a group of isolated pioneers largely composed of psychiatrists and some experimental psychologists. At the beginning of the 1970s, after a discreet introduction, the development of this movement provoked an adverse reaction related to the French intellectual context, which was characterized by a taste for psychoanalysis. At the height of the Cold War, this new form of therapy was, moreover, seen as a typical product of American culture, and viewed as a technique for mind control that would be incompatible with French humanist values. In this respect, the French rejection of behavioral therapies can also be placed in a broader context, one of anti-Americanism and assertion of the French "cultural exception." Thus, until the late 1980s, the development of the French behavior therapy movement was weak compared with what happened in the United Kingdom or the United States. Conversely, psychoanalysis reigned unchallenged in the French market for psychotherapy. In the early 1990s, the arrival of cognitive-behavioral therapy made a crucial difference. Hybridized with cognitive techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy was seen as a "synthetic product" better suited to the French culture in psychotherapy than the initial model of "pure" behavior therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record

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“…5. Dryden and Still themselves are both academic psychologists and practising psychotherapists, with Dryden having collaborated directly with Ellis (Marks, 2012). 6.…”

Section: New Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, there were only 41,000 psychiatrists in the country (DeLeon, Patrick, Kenkel and Garcia-Shelton, 2011: 51). In Britain, the National Health Service has funded and promoted an initiative for Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies since 2008, largely justified by political arguments about improving national economic performance (Marks, 2012). Psychotherapy and those who practise it have a stake in contemporary societies, in both the public and private spheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, these indicate a certain pragmatism: an effort to transcend dogmatic adherence to particular traditions or identities, and to draw on a wide theoretical base as appropriate for the needs of the client. The move towards integration can be seen not only in 'integrative therapy' itself, but also in the twinning of cognitive and behavioural approaches into cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and, in turn, CBT's subsequent polyvalent merging with multiple other schools, during its so-called 'third wave' (Marks, 2012;Rachman, 1986). These hybrids have included diverse practices such as Mindfulness meditation, the psychodynamically inspired Schema Therapy approach, through to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (ibid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychotherapy in historical perspective

Marks

2017

History of the Human Sciences

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This article will briefly explore some of the ways in which the past has been used as a means to talk about psychotherapy as a practice and as a profession, its impact on individuals and society, and the ethical debates at stake. It will show how, despite the multiple and competing claims about psychotherapy’s history and its meanings, historians themselves have, to a large degree, not attended to the intellectual and cultural development of many therapeutic approaches. This absence has the potential consequence of implying that therapies have emerged as value-free techniques, outside of a social, economic and political context. The relative neglect of psychotherapy, by contrast with the attention historians have paid to other professions, particularly psychiatry, has also underplayed its societal impact. This article will foreground some of the instances where psychotherapy has become an object of emerging historical interest, including the new research that forms the substance of this special issue of History of the Human Sciences.

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Cognitive Behaviour Therapies in Britain: The Historical Context and Present Situation

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

A Historical and Theoretical Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: From Structural Self-Knowledge to Functional Processes

A Historical and Theoretical Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: From Structural Self-Knowledge to Functional Processes

Beyond indifference and aversion: The critical reception and belated acceptance of behavior therapy in France.

Psychotherapy in historical perspective

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