Cognitive awareness of carbohydrate intake does not alter exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis

Navalta, James W.; McFarlin, Brian K.; Lyons, Scott; Arnett, Scott W.; Schafer, Mark A.

doi:10.1590/s1807-59322011000200003

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…It has been reported that exercise may induce changes in the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets [18,19] ) showed that there were no significant differences between the RE and SC groups ( Fig. 2A-D).…”

Section: Reduced Frequencies Of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells and mentioning

confidence: 96%

Regular Exercise Enhances the Immune Response Against Microbial Antigens Through Up-Regulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways

Zheng

Cui

Chen

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Regular physical exercise can enhance resistance to many microbial infections. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the changes in the immune system induced by regular exercise. Methods: We recruited members of a university badminton club as the regular exercise (RE) group and healthy sedentary students as the sedentary control (SC) group. We investigated the distribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets and functions in the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in plasma cytokine levels between the RE and SC groups in the true resting state. However, enhanced levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-α and IL-12 were secreted by PBMCs in the RE group following microbial antigen stimulation, when compared to the SC group. In contrast, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 secreted by PBMC in the RE group were suppressed compared with those in SC group following non-microbial antigen stimulation (concanavalin A or α-galactosylceramide). Furthermore, PBMC expression of TLR2, TLR7 and MyD88 was significantly increased in the RE group in response to microbial antigen stimulation. Conclusion: Regular exercise enhances immune cell activation in response to pathogenic stimulation leading to enhanced cytokine production mediated via the TLR signaling pathways.

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Section: Reduced Frequencies Of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells and mentioning

confidence: 96%

Regular Exercise Enhances the Immune Response Against Microbial Antigens Through Up-Regulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways

Zheng

Cui

Chen

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Moreover, TNF-a and IL-6 are critical for neuroinflammation-induced memory impairment and are known to disrupt cognition through pathways related to neural plasticity, neurogenesis, and long-term potentiation [69,[77][78][79]. Certain neurons in the preoptic nucleus have receptors for IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a, to which the cytokines bind and thus pass from circulation into the brain [80]. Consequently, hippocampal IL-1b overexpression impairs contextual and spatial long-term memory [69].…”

Section: Effects On the Immune System Systemic Inflammation And Cytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intermittent Fasting, Caloric Restriction, and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Performance at Rest and During Exercise in Adults

et al. 2015

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The aim of this review was to highlight the potent effects of intermittent fasting on the cognitive performance of athletes at rest and during exercise. Exercise interacts with dietary factors and has a positive effect on brain functioning. Furthermore, physical activity and exercise can favorably influence brain plasticity. Mounting evidence indicates that exercise, in combination with diet, affects the management of energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity by affecting molecular mechanisms through brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an essential neurotrophin that acts at the interface of metabolism and plasticity. The literature has also shown that certain aspects of physical performance and mental health, such as coping and decision-making strategies, can be negatively affected by daylight fasting. However, there are several types of intermittent fasting. These include caloric restriction, which is distinct from fasting and allows subjects to drink water ad libitum while consuming a very low-calorie food intake. Another type is Ramadan intermittent fasting, which is a religious practice of Islam, where healthy adult Muslims do not eat or drink during daylight hours for 1 month. Other religious practices in Islam (Sunna) also encourage Muslims to practice intermittent fasting outside the month of Ramadan. Several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that intermittent fasting has crucial effects on physical and intellectual performance by affecting various aspects of bodily physiology and biochemistry that could be important for athletic success. Moreover, recent findings revealed that immunological variables are also involved in cognitive functioning and that intermittent fasting might impact the relationship between cytokine expression in the brain and cognitive deficits, including memory deficits.

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“…Each sample was counted in duplicates and AI was recorded as the average of two slides. If counts varied by more than 5%, the slides in question were recounted [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox correlation in muscle lengthening and immune response in eccentric exercise

He¹,

Chuang²,

Zhou³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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This study was designed to examine the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle dysfunction linked with stretching in a mouse model and to explore the effects of combined antioxidant intake on peripheral leukocyte apoptosis following eccentrically-biased downhill runs in human subjects. In the mouse model, diaphragmatic muscle was stretched by 30% of its optimal length, followed by 5-min contraction. Muscle function and extracellular reactive oxygen species release was measured ex vivo. In human models, participants performed two trials of downhill running either with or without antioxidant supplementation, followed by apoptotic assay of inflammatory cells in the blood. The results showed that stretch led to decreased muscle function and prominent ROS increase during muscle contraction. In human models, we observed an elevation in circulating leukocyte apoptosis 24–48 hours following acute downhill runs. However, there is an attenuated leukocyte apoptosis following the second bout of downhill run. Interestingly, the combination of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) supplementation attenuated the decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) at 24 hours following acute downhill running. These data collectively suggest that significant ROS formation can be induced by muscle-lengthening associated with eccentric exercise, which is accompanied by compromised muscle function. The combination of antioxidants supplementation appears to have a protective role via the attenuation of decrease in anti-apoptotic protein.

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Cognitive awareness of carbohydrate intake does not alter exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Regular Exercise Enhances the Immune Response Against Microbial Antigens Through Up-Regulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways

Regular Exercise Enhances the Immune Response Against Microbial Antigens Through Up-Regulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways

Effects of Intermittent Fasting, Caloric Restriction, and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Performance at Rest and During Exercise in Adults

Redox correlation in muscle lengthening and immune response in eccentric exercise

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