Cognitive and social learning models of drug dependence: implications for the assessment of tobacco dependence in adolescents

Abstract

This paper is part of a series that has the goal of identifying potential approaches toward developing new instruments for assessing tobacco dependence among adolescents. The fundamental assumption underlying the series is that contemporary theories of drug dependence offer a rich source of opportunities for the development of theoretically based assessment tools. The present paper focuses on cognitive and social-learning models of drug dependence and the implications of these models for novel assessment instruments. In particular, the paper focuses on Mark Goldman's model of drug expectancies, Albert Bandura's model of self-efficacy, Thomas Wills's model of stress and coping and Stephen Tiffany's cognitive-processing model of drug urges and cravings. In addition to traditional self-report measures, naturalistic and laboratory-based assessments are identified that may yield information relevant to multi-dimensional measurement of tobacco dependence.

Development of the PROMIS(R) Positive Emotional and Sensory Expectancies of Smoking Item Banks

“…As such, emotional and sensory expectancies are central to conceptual models of cigarette smoking (e.g., Baker, Piper, McCarthy, Majeskie, & Fiore, 2004;Brandon, Herzog, Irvin & Gwaltney, 2004;Niaura, Goldstein, & Abrams, 1991;Witkiewitz & Marlatt, 2004). A number of studies have found that having higher positive outcome expectancies for smoking having to do with its stimulating, state enhancement, taste, and sensorimotor properties is associated with nicotine dependence (e.g., Copeland, Brandon, & Quinn, 1995;Kristjansson et al, 2011;Piper et al, 2004;Rohsenow et al, 2003;Vidrine et al, 2009), as well as withdrawal severity even after controlling for dependence (Vidrine et al, 2009).…”

Expectancies for Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Nicotine Replacement Therapies Among E-Cigarette Users (aka Vapers)

“…Drug expectancies can be understood as informational structures in long-term memory. [28][29][30] These fundamental elements of memory are theorized to both organize input to the central nervous system and guide management of behavior, acting as a "final common pathway" that is implicated in connections between a variety of prior conditions (for example, genetic predisposition, social influence, emotional state, personality) and drug use decisions 31,32 . Expectancies have been found to be robust predictors of drug use, including the initiation of cigarette smoking, 33,34 dependence 35 , and relapse after a period of abstinence.…”

Development of the PROMIS(R) Health Expectancies of Smoking Item Banks

“…In addition, health-related outcome expectancies (or perceived health risks and benefits) are also fundamental constructs of many health behavior theories (Brewer et al, 2007;Weinstein, 1993), and smokers' healthrelated outcome expectancies of smoking and quitting are associated with a number of smoking-related constructs, such as intentions to smoke, decisions to start smoking, decisions to quit, and successful periods of abstinence (McKee, O'Malley, Salovey, Krishnan-Sarin, & Mazure, 2005;Romer & Jamieson, 2001;Weinstein, 2001). Many smoking-related intervention strategies capitalize on the relationship between health-related outcome expectancies and smoking behavior (Bize et al, 2012;Schlam & Baker, 2013).…”