Cognitive and Sedative Effects of Benzodiazepine Use

Buffett-Jerrott, Susan E.; Stewart, Sherry H.

doi:10.2174/1381612023396654

Cited by 258 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Given the nature of the anxiety ratings on the m-YPAS, which include not only arousal and displays of emotion, but also vocalizations and activity, this calming effect in the midazolam group at mask placement could be due to a combination of the sedative and the anxiolytic effects of the drug. 16 This finding is in agreement with previous studies which also found that midazolam has an anxiolytic effect if given to children as a pre-medicant. 9,10 The significant decrease in observer-rated anxiety levels for midazolam, compared to placebo, was not evident at post-drug baseline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

High levels of impulsivity may contraindicate midazolam premedication in children

Finley¹,

Stewart²,

Buffett-Jerrott³

et al. 2006

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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Purpose:To investigate the effects of midazolam on emotional reactivity during induction of anesthesia in a pediatric day surgery setting. A secondary purpose was to determine if these effects were influenced by child temperament factors. Methods: Forty children (age four to six years) scheduled for myringotomy were randomly assigned, in a double blind fashion, to receive either oral midazolam 0.5 mg·kg -1 mixed with acetaminophen suspension or acetaminophen alone. The Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Impulsivity (EASI) scale was used as a measure of child temperament. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS), an observer-rated measure of state anxiety, was employed to assess anxiety preand post-drug, and also at induction of anesthesia. Results: Children who received midazolam reacted significantly less to induction of anesthesia than did children in the placebo control group, F (1, 38) = 7.46, P = 0.01. A significant positive association was observed between baseline levels of anxiety and observer-rated anxiety at anesthetic induction, but only in the placebo group, r = 0.58, P < 0.01. A significant positive association was observed between levels of impulsivity at baseline and observer-rated anxiety at anesthetic induction, but only in the midazolam group, r = 0.42, P < 0.05. Conclusions: Midazolam dampened adverse reactivity during anesthetic induction, particularly among children with high baseline levels of anxiety. Baseline level of impulsivity was positively associated with adverse reactions to anesthesia induction in the drug group, but not in the placebo group, suggesting that high levels of trait impulsivity may contraindicate the use of midazolam as a preoperative medication. Objectif

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

High levels of impulsivity may contraindicate midazolam premedication in children

Finley¹,

Stewart²,

Buffett-Jerrott³

et al. 2006

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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“…Instead they bypass the brain's processing systems and act directly on mechanisms that control emotion (Nesse and Berridge 1997). Too often pharmacological treatments, such as anxiolytic drugs, have limited long term efficacy (Youngstedt and Kripke 2007), are symptom based, and are associated with severe side effects including adverse reactions, dependency (Buffett-Jerrott and Stewart 2002), addiction (Buffett-Jerrott and Stewart 2002;Lader 1994), relapse, and resistance to treatment (Starcevic 2012). A better understanding of the processes underlying human emotions may provide support for the administration of relaxation techniques such as meditation as a treatment for stress-related and anxiety disorders, as well as other psychiatric illnesses involving mood (Manzoni et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety

Jerath¹,

Crawford²,

Barnes

et al. 2015

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

187

125

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Understanding the autonomic nervous system and homeostatic changes associated with emotions remains a major challenge for neuroscientists and a fundamental prerequisite to treat anxiety, stress, and emotional disorders. Based on recent publications, the inter-relationship between respiration and emotions and the influence of respiration on autonomic changes, and subsequent widespread membrane potential changes resulting from changes in homeostasis are discussed. We hypothesize that reversing homeostatic alterations with meditation and breathing techniques rather than targeting neurotransmitters with medication may be a superior method to address the whole body changes that occur in stress, anxiety, and depression. Detrimental effects of stress, negative emotions, and sympathetic dominance of the autonomic nervous system have been shown to be counteracted by different forms of meditation, relaxation, and breathing techniques. We propose that these breathing techniques could be used as firstline and supplemental treatments for stress, anxiety, depression, and some emotional disorders.

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“…Although benzodiazepines are highly efficacious compounds, their use is limited by significant side effects, which can include sedation, amnesia, tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal (Buffett-Jerrott and Stewart, 2002;Shader and Greenblatt, 1993;Woods, 1998). These effects are believed to be mediated by their specific interactions with the GABA A receptor.…”

Section: Voltage-gated Ion Channels: Novel Approaches To Modulation Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugability of Extracellular Targets: Discovery of Small Molecule Drugs Targeting Allosteric, Functional, and Subunit-Selective Sites on GPCRs and Ion Channels

Grigoriadis

Hoare

Lechner

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Beginning with the discovery of the structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid in 1953, by James Watson and Francis Crick, the sequencing of the entire human genome some 50 years later, has begun to quantify the classes and types of proteins that may have relevance to human disease with the promise of rapidly identifying compounds that can modulate these proteins so as to have a beneficial and therapeutic outcome. This so called 'drugable space' involves a variety of membrane-bound proteins including the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels, and transporters among others. The recent number of novel therapeutics targeting membrane-bound extracellular proteins that have reached the market in the past 20 years however pales in magnitude when compared, during the same timeframe, to the advancements made in the technologies available to aid in the discovery of these novel therapeutics. This review will consider select examples of extracellular drugable targets and focus on the GPCRs and ion channels highlighting the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) type 1 and g-aminobutyric acid receptors, and the Ca V 2.2 voltage-gated ion channel. These examples will elaborate current technological advancements in drug discovery and provide a prospective framework for future drug development.

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Cognitive and Sedative Effects of Benzodiazepine Use

Cited by 258 publications

References 1 publication

High levels of impulsivity may contraindicate midazolam premedication in children

High levels of impulsivity may contraindicate midazolam premedication in children

Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety

Drugability of Extracellular Targets: Discovery of Small Molecule Drugs Targeting Allosteric, Functional, and Subunit-Selective Sites on GPCRs and Ion Channels

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