“…When considering specific training types, aerobic and multicomponent physical training were shown to be beneficial training types ( Groot et al, 2015 ; Panza et al, 2018 ; Sanders et al, 2019 ; Law et al, 2020 ), while cognitively engaging training appears to have the strongest effect on cognition ( Lauenroth et al, 2016 ; Howes et al, 2017 ; Levin et al, 2017 ; Stanmore et al, 2017 ; Joubert and Chainay, 2018 ; van Santen et al, 2018 ; Stojan and Voelcker-Rehage, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Wu et al, 2019 ; Biazus-Sehn et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Gallou-Guyot et al, 2020 ; Mansor et al, 2020 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ; Gavelin et al, 2021 ). These findings are consistent with the ‘guided-plasticity facilitation’ framework ( Fabel and Kempermann, 2008 ; Kempermann et al, 2010 ; Herold et al, 2018 ): Acute physical exercise is assumed to enhance brain metabolism and promote neuroplastic processes, whereas these changes in brain plasticity are guided by cognitive stimulation ( Fabel and Kempermann, 2008 ; Kempermann et al, 2010 ; Joubert and Chainay, 2018 ).…”