Cognitive and neuromodulation strategies for unhealthy eating and obesity: Systematic review and discussion of neurocognitive mechanisms

Forcano, Laura; Mata, Fernanda; Torre, Rafael de la; Verdejo-García, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.003

Cited by 91 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Recent literature emphasizes the importance of cognitive mechanisms in the regulation of eating behaviour and body weight . Many people nowadays live in an obesogenic food environment and are constantly exposed to appetitive yet unhealthy foods, especially those that contain much sugar and fat .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive deficits may put individuals at risk for unhealthy eating behaviour . Therefore, it is plausible that cognitive trainings aimed to ameliorate cognitive deficits have beneficial effects on eating behaviour or body weight . Two classes of cognitive deficits are commonly examined by obesity researchers: cognitive biases and executive control deficits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive training on eating behaviour and weight loss: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

Yang

Shields

et al. 2019

Obesity Reviews

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Cognitive deficits play a role in the development and maintenance of overeating and obesity, and cognitive training in obesity refers to a family of interventions aimed at reducing overeating and obesity by improving these cognitive deficits. In this review, we synthesize the current literature on these issues by conducting a meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of cognitive trainings on eating behaviour and presenting a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of cognitive trainings on weight loss. We examined 66 independent experiments that examined the effects of cognitive training aimed at reducing cognitive bias or improving executive control on eating behaviour and weight loss. Overall, inhibition training, attention bias modification training, and episodic future thinking training significantly influenced eating behaviour; however, approach/avoidance training did not significantly influence eating behaviour. Moderator analyses indicated that the effect of inhibition training on eating behaviour was moderated by training task and food novelty, the effect of approach/avoidance training was moderated by food type, and the effect of episodic future thinking training was moderated by type of episodic future thinking. Literature reviewed on cognitive training and weight loss provided preliminary support for the effects of food-specific inhibition training on weight loss from pre-intervention to post intervention. However, because most of the included studies focused on short-term outcomes in normal-weight samples, longer duration studies in clinical populations (eg, individuals with obesity) are needed to examine the generalizability of these results. KEYWORDS cognitive training, eating behaviour, meta-analysis, weight loss 1 | INTRODUCTION Excess weight has become a cause of growing health care costs and accounts for over 2.8 million deaths per year, 1 emphasizing the need for effective treatment. In order to promote weight loss, interventions such as behavioural interventions or bariatric surgery are frequently implemented. However, the amount of weight loss achieved via behavioural weight loss interventions is, at best, only modest and rarely does it last. 2 Although bariatric surgery is an effective weight loss intervention for severe obesity, it is highly invasive and can result in medical complications. 3 Therefore, it is vital to identify novel, noninvasive interventions that foster weight loss. Recent literature emphasizes the importance of cognitive mechanisms in the regulation of eating behaviour and body weight. 4-7 Manypeople nowadays live in an obesogenic food environment and are constantly exposed to appetitive yet unhealthy foods, especially those that contain much sugar and fat. 8 In such an environment, unhealthy eating behaviour (eg, forgoing healthy foods in favour of inexpensive,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive training on eating behaviour and weight loss: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

Yang

Shields

et al. 2019

Obesity Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The brain is the origin where decisions are made with respect to what we eat and how much we eat. Exciting new developments in the area of noninvasive neuromodulation (stimulation) and neurofeedback research have provided promising information on our current knowledge of appetite control and disordered eating behavior (18,109). Noninvasive techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct-current stimulation, and functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback.…”

Section: Neuromodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice: Summary from a Pennington Scientific Symposium

Qualls‐Creekmore

Marlatt

Aarts

et al. 2020

Obesity

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This review details the proceedings of a Pennington Biomedical scientific symposium titled, "What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice." The symposium was designed to review the literature about energy homeostasis, particularly related to food choice and feeding behaviors, from psychology to physiology. This review discusses the intrinsic determinants of food choice, including biological mechanisms (genetics), peripheral and central signals, brain correlates, and the potential role of the microbiome. This review also address the extrinsic determinants (environment) of food choice within our physical and social environments. Finally, this review reports the current treatment practices for the clinical management of eating-induced overweight and obesity. An improved understanding of these determinants will inform best practices for the clinical treatment and prevention of obesity. Strategies paired with systemic shifts in our public health policies and changes in our "obesogenic" environment will be most effective at attenuating the obesity epidemic.

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“…Thus, and in combination with the structure‐guided refinement of optical tools , an experimental ‘superhighway’ emerges to dissect neuronal determinants of hypothalamic function, as well as wiring hypothalamic centres into the hierarchy of neural organization for the conscious representation of endocrine needs (e.g. motivational aspects, memory consolidation ) and goal‐oriented behaviours . Therefore, we expect endocrine functions to be integrated into brain‐wide activity state‐changes when describing critical activity fluctuations underpinning neuropsychiatric and neuroendocrine illnesses.…”

Section: Neuronal Organization In Space and Time At Nanoscale Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insights into the spatial and temporal complexity of hypothalamic organization through precision methods allowing nanoscale resolution

Alpár

Harkany

2018

J Intern Med

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The mammalian hypothalamus contains an astounding heterogeneity of neurons to achieve its role in coordinating central responses to virtually any environmental stressor over the life-span of an individual. Therefore, while core features of intrahypothalamic neuronal modalities and wiring patterns are stable during vertebrate evolution, integration of the hypothalamus into hierarchical brain-wide networks evolved to coordinate its output with emotionality, cognition and conscious decision-making. The advent of single-cell technologies represents a recent milestone in the study of hypothalamic organization by allowing the dissection of cellular heterogeneity and establishing causality between opto- and chemogenetic activity modulation of molecularly-resolved neuronal contingents and specific behaviours. Thus, organizational rules to accumulate an unprecedented variety of hierarchical neuroendocrine command networks into a minimal brain volume are being unravelled. Here, we review recent understanding at nanoscale resolution on how neuronal heterogeneity in the mammalian hypothalamus underpins the diversification of hormonal and synaptic output and keeps those sufficiently labile for continuous adaptation to meet environmental demands. Particular emphasis is directed towards the dissection of neuronal circuitry for aggression and food intake. Mechanistic data encompass cell identities, synaptic connectivity within and outside the hypothalamus to link vegetative and conscious levels of innate behaviours, and context- and circadian rhythm-dependent rules of synaptic neurophysiology to distinguish hypothalamic foci that either tune the body's metabolic set-point or specify behaviours. Consequently, novel insights emerge to explain the evolutionary advantages of non-laminar organization for neuroendocrine circuits coincidently using fast neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. These are then accrued into novel therapeutic principles that meet therapeutic criteria for human metabolic diseases.

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Cognitive and neuromodulation strategies for unhealthy eating and obesity: Systematic review and discussion of neurocognitive mechanisms

Cited by 91 publications

References 125 publications

Cognitive training on eating behaviour and weight loss: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

Cognitive training on eating behaviour and weight loss: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice: Summary from a Pennington Scientific Symposium

Novel insights into the spatial and temporal complexity of hypothalamic organization through precision methods allowing nanoscale resolution

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