Cognitive and neurobehavioral features in multiple sclerosis

Arnett, Peter A.; Strober, Lauren B.

doi:10.1586/ern.11.12

Cited by 50 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…For the EDSS, previous studies reported lower correlations between EDSS and cognitive measures [49], [50], suggesting that the EDSS score (comprising diverse scores, not exclusively cognitive) is not a good predictor of cognitive disability. The duration of the disease has been related in previous studies to the conflict effect [25]; but, as we have pointed out, network effects (for instance, conflict or executive network as subtraction of congruent versus incongruent) were not considered in our present study as other authors recommend caution with these kind of subtractions [16], [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Neural Correlates of Alerting and Orienting Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

et al. 2014

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BackgroundA considerable percentage of multiple sclerosis patients have attentional impairment, but understanding its neurophysiological basis remains a challenge. The Attention Network Test allows 3 attentional networks to be studied. Previous behavioural studies using this test have shown that the alerting network is impaired in multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify neurophysiological indexes of the attention impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients using this test.ResultsAfter general slowing had been removed in patients group to isolate the effects of each condition, some behavioral differences between them were obtained. About Contingent Negative Variation, a statistically significant decrement were found in the amplitude for Central and Spatial Cue Conditions for patient group (p<0.05). ANOVAs showed for the patient group a significant latency delay for P1 and N1 components (p<0.05) and a decrease of P3 amplitude for congruent and incongruent stimuli (p<0.01). With regard to correlation analysis, PASAT-3s and SDMT showed significant correlations with behavioral measures of the Attention Network Test (p<0.01) and an ERP parameter (CNV amplitude).ConclusionsBehavioral data are highly correlated with the neuropsychological scores and show that the alerting and orienting mechanisms in the patient group were impaired. Reduced amplitude for the Contingent Negative Variation in the patient group suggests that this component could be a physiological marker related to the alerting and orienting impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. P1 and N1 delayed latencies are evidence of the demyelination process that causes impairment in the first steps of the visual sensory processing. Lastly, P3 amplitude shows a general decrease for the pathological group probably indexing a more central impairment. These results suggest that the Attention Network Test give evidence of multiple levels of attention impairment, which could help in the assessment and treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Neural Correlates of Alerting and Orienting Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

et al. 2014

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“…Since the pioneering reports of Rao and co-workers in the nineties (Rao and Cognitive Function Study Group of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 1990; Rao et al, 1991a,b), the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction in MS and the appropriate tests for its detection have been extensively addressed in the literature (Benedict et al, 2002; Montalban and Rio, 2006; Benedict and Zivadinov, 2007; Strober et al, 2009; Comi, 2010; Ferreira, 2010; Kinsinger et al, 2010; Lyros et al, 2010; Messinis et al, 2010; Arnett and Strober, 2011; Langdon, 2011). In general, cognition in MS may be assessed by two separate, yet complementary, modes: the self-reported evaluation of MS patients and relatives and the neurocognitive batteries adapted to the disease.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis

Guimarães¹,

Sá²

2012

Front. Neur.

144

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In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) prevalence studies of community and clinical samples, indicate that 45–60% of patients are cognitively impaired. These cognitive dysfunctions have been traditionally described as heterogeneous, but more recent studies suggest that there is a specific pattern of MS-related cognitive dysfunctions. With the advent of disease-modifying medications for MS and emphasis on early intervention and treatment, detection of cognitive impairment at its earliest stage becomes particularly important. In this review the authors address: the cognitive domains most commonly impaired in MS (memory, attention, executive functions, speed of information processing, and visual–spatial abilities); the pathophysiological mechanism implied in MS cognitive dysfunction and correlated brain MRI features; the importance of neuropsychological assessment of MS patients in different stages of the disease and the influence of its course on cognitive performance; the most used tests and batteries for neuropsychological assessment; therapeutic strategies to improve cognitive abilities.

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“…Complex cognitive facilities, including visual memory (both immediate and delayed) and processing speed, are most frequently impaired, while cognition requiring short attention spans (e.g. word comprehension) remain largely intact [145]. While progressive MS patients generally suffer from more severe cognitive impairment, learning and memory deficits are often observed in patients with early relapsing remitting MS and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), a single neurological attack that often leads to MS [146,147].…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate in CNS Neurodegeneration and Cognition and its Regulation by GCPII Inhibition

Rahn

Slusher²,

Kaplin³

2012

CMC

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Glutamate, first identified in 1866, is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. While it is critically important in many highly regulated cortical functions such as learning and memory, glutamate can be much like the magic the Sorcerer's Apprentice used in Goethe's poem: when conjured under unregulated conditions glutamate can get quickly out of control and lead to deleterious consequences. Two broad types of glutamate receptors, the ionotropic and metabotropic, facilitate glutamatergic neurotransmission in the CNS and play key roles in regulating cognitive function. Excessive activation of these receptors leads to excitotoxicity, especially in brain regions that are developmentally and regionally vulnerable to this kind of injury. Dysregulation of glutamate signaling leads to neurodegeneration that plays a role in a number of neuropsychiatric diseases, prompting the development and utilization of novel strategies to balance the beneficial and deleterious potential of this important neurotransmitter. Inhibition of the enzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is one method of manipulating glutamate neurotransmission. Positive outcomes (decreased neuronal loss, improved cognition) have been demonstrated in preclinical models of ALS, stroke, and Multiple Sclerosis due to inhibition of GCPII, suggesting this method of glutamate regulation could serve as a therapeutic means for treating neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.

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Cognitive and neurobehavioral features in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 50 publications

References 138 publications

Neural Correlates of Alerting and Orienting Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Neural Correlates of Alerting and Orienting Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis

Glutamate in CNS Neurodegeneration and Cognition and its Regulation by GCPII Inhibition

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