Cognitive and functional deficits in people with schizophrenia: Evidence for accelerated or exaggerated aging?

Harvey, Philip D.; Rosenthal, Jennifer B.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.009

Cited by 63 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Schizophrenia is an early‐onset, often chronic, illness which may result in extensive care needs, long‐lasting treatment, disability, high disease burden, many years of reduced quality of life, and 15‐20 years of reduced life expectancy . Additionally, it has been suggested that patients with schizophrenia suffer from an accelerated aging process when it comes to functioning as they already at a young age perform, for example, cognitive tasks and both basic and instrumental activities of daily living at the same level as or more poorly than healthy older adults . However, it is unclear whether this accelerated aging expands also to functional performance of daily activities such as walking, stair climbing, chair raising, and balance in the patient group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…instrumental activities of daily living at the same level as or more poorly than healthy older adults. 5 However, it is unclear whether this accelerated aging expands also to functional performance of daily activities such as walking, stair climbing, chair raising, and balance in the patient group. If the performance of such simple daily activities is experienced as strenuous, it may lead to less physical activity, 6 being one more contributing factor to the reduced life expectancy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Patients with schizophrenia have impaired muscle force‐generating capacity and functional performance

Nygård

Brobakken

Roel

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Patients with schizophrenia have impaired physical health. However, evidence of how skeletal muscle force‐generating capacity (FGC), a key component of functional performance, may contribute to the impairment is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the patient groups’ skeletal muscle FGC and its association with functional performance. Leg‐press FGC was assessed along with a battery of functional performance tests in 48 outpatients (28 men, 34 ± 10 years; 20 women, 36 ± 12 years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (ICD‐10, F20‐29), and compared with 48 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched references. Results revealed reduced one‐repetition maximum (1RM) in men (−19%, P < .01) and a trend toward reduction in women (−13%, P = .067). The ability to develop force rapidly was also impaired (men: −30%; women: −25%, both P < .01). Patients scored worse than healthy references on all physical performance tests (stair climbing: −63%; 30‐second sit‐to‐stand (30sSTS): −48%; six‐minute walk test (6MWT): −22%; walking efficiency: −14%; and unipedal stance eyes open: −20% and closed: −73%, all P < .01). 1RM correlated with 6MWT (r = .45), stair climbing (r = −.44), 30sSTS (r = .43), walking efficiency (r = .26), and stance eyes open (r = .33) and closed (r = .45), all P < .01. Rapid force development correlated with 6MWT (r = .54), stair climbing (r = −.49), 30sSTS (r = .45), walking efficiency (r = .26), and stance eyes open (r = .44) and closed (r = .51), all P < .01. In conclusion, skeletal muscle FGC and functional performance are reduced in patients with schizophrenia and should be recognized as important aspects of the patient groups’ impaired health. Resistance training aiming to improve these components should be considered an important part of clinical treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with schizophrenia have impaired muscle force‐generating capacity and functional performance

Nygård

Brobakken

Roel

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Patients with schizophrenia exhibit broad cognitive deficits in the early stages of the illness [ 8 , 9 ], and physical exercise has been suggested to improve the deficits [ 10 – 13 ]. Light physical activity was positively correlated with cognitive performance [ 14 ], while moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with greater cognitive disorganization symptoms in patients with schizophrenia [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Handgrip Strength and Body Mass Index With Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia

et al. 2018

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Background: The relationship between muscle strength and cognition in schizophrenia has not been well studied. We investigated the potential relationship of handgrip strength (HGS) score and body mass index (BMI) with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.Methods: Participants included 153 patients with schizophrenia (age: 36.9 ± 9.4 years; 82 males) and 328 healthy controls (age: 36.4 ± 10.7 years; 150 males), matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). HGS was measured using a digital handgrip dynamometer. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) test. A two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare HGS scores between the patient and control groups. Multiple regression analyses of BACS scores were performed in the patient and control groups using HGS and BMI scores as independent variables.Results: In the intergroup comparison, significantly lower HGS scores were observed in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls (p < 0.05, corrected). In the patient group, there was a significantly positive correlation between HGS scores and BACS composite score (male, p = 0.0014; female, p = 0.0051). However, BMI scores were significantly negatively correlated with the BACS composite score (male, p = 0.0022; female, p = 0.018). Furthermore, the ratio of HGS/BMI was significantly positively correlated with the BACS composite score in the patient group (p = 0.00000018).Conclusions: Cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia is correlated positively with HGS and negatively with BMI. HGS/BMI may thus be a good index for cognitive performance in schizophrenia.

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“…Cognitive impairment and information processing deficits are chief causes of disability [3][4][5] . The most affected cognitive domains are processing speed, working memory, episodic memory, and verbal learning and memory [6][7][8] . Current antipsychotic medications have limited impact on cognitive symptoms and information processing deficits 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico hippocampal modeling for multi-target pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia

2020

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Treatment of schizophrenia has had limited success in treating core cognitive symptoms. The evidence of multi-gene involvement suggests that multi-target therapy may be needed. Meanwhile, the complexity of schizophrenia pathophysiology and psychopathology, coupled with the species-specificity of much of the symptomatology, places limits on analysis via animal models, in vitro assays, and patient assessment. Multiscale computer modeling complements these traditional modes of study. Using a hippocampal CA3 computer model with 1200 neurons, we examined the effects of alterations in NMDAR, HCN (Ih current), and GABAAR on information flow (measured with normalized transfer entropy), and in gamma activity in local field potential (LFP). We found that altering NMDARs, GABAAR, Ih, individually or in combination, modified information flow in an inverted-U shape manner, with information flow reduced at low and high levels of these parameters. Theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling also had an inverted-U shape relationship with NMDAR augmentation. The strong information flow was associated with an intermediate level of synchrony, seen as an intermediate level of gamma activity in the LFP, and an intermediate level of pyramidal cell excitability. Our results are consistent with the idea that overly low or high gamma power is associated with pathological information flow and information processing. These data suggest the need for careful titration of schizophrenia pharmacotherapy to avoid extremes that alter information flow in different ways. These results also identify gamma power as a potential biomarker for monitoring pathology and multi-target pharmacotherapy.

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Cognitive and functional deficits in people with schizophrenia: Evidence for accelerated or exaggerated aging?

Cited by 63 publications

References 92 publications

Patients with schizophrenia have impaired muscle force‐generating capacity and functional performance

Patients with schizophrenia have impaired muscle force‐generating capacity and functional performance

Relationship of Handgrip Strength and Body Mass Index With Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia

In silico hippocampal modeling for multi-target pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia

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