Cognitive and educational outcomes of maltreated and non-maltreated youth: A birth cohort study

Mills, Ryan; Kisely, Steve; Alati, Rosa; Strathearn, Lane; Najman, Jake M.

doi:10.1177/0004867418768432

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Initial child protection reports are predicated on suspected abuse, neglect, or harm, with substantiated forms of severe maltreatment sometimes resulting in placement in out of home care (OOHC). Globally, child maltreatment has been linked to an array of maladaptive outcomes in later life, including physical and mental health problems (Cicchetti & Doyle, 2016; Gilbert et al, 2009), low academic attainment (Fantuzzo et al, 2011; McGuire & Jackson, 2018), unemployment (Mills et al, 2018), and crime (Widom, 2017). Identifying vulnerable children as early as possible is crucial for the implementation of opportune interventions that improve children’s long-term outcomes (Olds, 2008; Sanders et al, 2014), given that maltreatment at earlier stages in development is associated with significantly poorer outcomes in later life (Kaplow & Widom, 2007; Mersky et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

Whitten

Dean

et al. 2020

Child Maltreat

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Parental history of offending and/or mental illness are risk factors for child maltreatment. However, limited research has directly contrasted the role of maternal versus paternal criminal offending or mental health problems in contributing to earlier contact with the child protection system. In this study we examined the relative contributions of these risk factors in relation to the time to the offspring’s first report to child protection services, or first placement in out of home care (OOHC), using administrative records for a population sample of 71,661 children. Prior paternal offending had a greater independent effect on time to the offspring’s first contact with child protection services (HR = 2.27 [95% CI = 2.14-2.40]) than maternal offending (HR = 1.75 [95% CI = 1.63 -1.87]) or maternal mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.66 [95% CI = 1.57 -1.77]). By contrast, prior maternal offending (HR = 2.58 [95% CI = 2.26-2.95]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 2.33 [95% CI = 2.05-2.63]) had a greater effect on earlier placement in OOHC, relative to prior paternal offending (HR = 1.59 [95% CI = 1.35 -1.88]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.06 [95% CI = 0.94 -1.19]). These findings demonstrate the potential benefits of coordinated government responses across multiple agencies to identify vulnerable children and families who might benefit from early interventions or support services.

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confidence: 99%

Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

Whitten

Dean

et al. 2020

Child Maltreat

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“…Advanced analytical methods included generalised linear models (GLM) [108], multinomial logistic regression using Vermunt's three step Latent Class Analysis approach and Growth Mixture Modelling [92], and survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier, Cox (proportional hazards) regression and Nelson-Aalen Estimation methods [55,99]. A few studies used a combination of methods, where in most cases logistic regression was included as one of the main methods [45,47,55,82]. Only one study reported descriptive statistics as their main method of analysis [109].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the majority of studies, baseline data consisted of prenatal or postnatal data as reported by the mothers, while outcome data were obtained during follow-up waves. Six major longitudinal studies were reported from the publications, the main one being the Mater-University Study of pregnancy (MUSP) which was conducted in Queensland, Australia from 1981-2004 [58,[80][81][82]. While these studies had multiple follow-up waves, the authors mostly reported on the baseline wave and one follow up wave.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the attrition rate was not mentioned in almost half of the studies, attrition was described for 63% of all studies. The review identified attrition as occurring due to loss of follow-up or differential attrition occurring among families with reported cases of substantiated maltreatment, those from higher socio-economic disadvantaged backgrounds and among males and indigenous people (particularly among MUSP studies) [4,21,46,82,97,98,101,102]. Other attrition reported was death or early infant loss [47,55,93,96], non-response [47] and emigration [47,55].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Research using population-based administration data integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Introduction Over the past decade there has been a marked growth in the use of linked population administrative data for child protection research. This is the first systematic review of studies to report on research design and statistical methods used where population-based administrative data is integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings. Methods The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The electronic databases Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, Embase, ERIC, and CINAHL were systematically searched in November 2019 to identify all the relevant studies. The protocol for this review was registered and published with Open Science Framework (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/96PX8) Results The review identified 30 studies reporting on child maltreatment, mental health, drug and alcohol abuse and education. The quality of almost all studies was strong, however the studies rated poorly on the reporting of data linkage methods. The statistical analysis methods described failed to take into account mediating factors which may have an indirect effect on the outcomes of interest and there was lack of utilisation of multi-level analysis. Conclusion We recommend reporting of data linkage processes through following recommended and standardised data linkage processes, which can be achieved through greater co-ordination among data providers and researchers.

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“…23 A state-based birth cohort study has explored a range of health and developmental outcomes with limited analysis of maltreatment through agency records of substantiated reports, which relied on 512 children with substantiated maltreatment from a cohort of 7223 mother-infant pairs. [24][25][26][27][28] Another statebased birth cohort study assessed young people's childhood victimisation and psychosocial outcomes, 29 and a national longitudinal study has considered parenting behaviours more generally. 30 However, no study has aimed to use a nationally representative sample to comprehensively measure the prevalence and nature of all five forms of child maltreatment, and their associations with mental and physical health and health risk behaviours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS): protocol for a national survey of the prevalence of child abuse and neglect, associated mental disorders and physical health problems, and burden of disease

et al. 2021

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IntroductionChild maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence) is widely understood to be associated with multiple mental health disorders, physical health problems and health risk behaviours throughout life. However, Australia lacks fundamental evidence about the prevalence and characteristics of child maltreatment, its associations with mental disorders and physical health, and the associated burden of disease. These evidence gaps impede the development of public health strategies to better prevent and respond to child maltreatment. The aims of this research are to generate the first comprehensive population-based national data on the prevalence of child maltreatment in Australia, identify associations with mental disorders and physical health conditions and other adverse consequences, estimate attributable burden of disease and indicate targeted areas for future optimal public health prevention strategies.Methods and analysisThe Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) is a nationwide, cross-sectional study of Australia’s population aged 16 years and over. A survey of approximately 10 000 Australians will capture retrospective self-reported data on the experience in childhood of all five types of maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence). A customised, multimodule survey instrument has been designed to obtain information including: the prevalence and characteristics of these experiences; diagnostic screening of common mental health disorders; physical health; health risk behaviours and health service utilisation. The survey will be administered in March–November 2021 to a random sample of the nationwide population, recruited through mobile phone numbers. Participants will be surveyed using computer-assisted telephone interviews, conducted by trained interviewers from the Social Research Centre, an agency with extensive experience in studies of health and adversity. Rigorous protocols protect the safety of both participants and interviewers, and comply with all ethical and legal requirements. Analysis will include descriptive statistics reporting the prevalence of individual and multitype child maltreatment, multiple logistic and linear regression analyses to determine associations with mental disorders and physical health problems. We will calculate the population attributable fractions of these putative outcomes to enable an estimation of the disease burden attributable to child maltreatment.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Queensland University of Technology Human Research Ethics Committee (#1900000477, 16 August 2019). Results will be published to the scientific community in peer-reviewed journals, scientific meetings and through targeted networks. Findings and recommendations will be shared with government policymakers and community and organisational stakeholders through diverse engagement activities, a dedicated Advisory Board and a systematic knowledge translation strategy. Results will be communicated to the public through an organised media strategy and the ACMS website.

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Cognitive and educational outcomes of maltreated and non-maltreated youth: A birth cohort study

Abstract: Child maltreatment, including both abuse and neglect, is associated with adverse cognitive, educational and employment outcomes in young adulthood. This adds further impetus to efforts to prevent child maltreatment and assist young people who have experienced it.

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

Research using population-based administration data integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings: A systematic review

The Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS): protocol for a national survey of the prevalence of child abuse and neglect, associated mental disorders and physical health problems, and burden of disease

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