Cognitive and Affective Brain–Computer Interfaces for Improving Learning Strategies and Enhancing Student Capabilities: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has the potential to positively contribute to the educational learning environment, which faces many challenges and shortcomings. Cognitive and affective BCIs can offer a deep understanding of brain mechanisms, which may improve learning strategies and increase brain-based skills. They can offer a better empirical foundation for teaching-learning methodologies, including adjusting learning content based on brain workload, measuring student interest of a topic, or even helping students focus on specific tasks. The latest findings from emerging BCI technology, neuroscience, cognitive sciences, and psychology could be used in learning and teaching strategies to improve student abilities in education. This study investigates and analyzes the research on BCI patterns and its implementation for enhancing cognitive capabilities of students. The results showed that there is insufficient literature on BCI that addresses students with disabilities in the learning process. Further, our analysis revealed a bias toward the significance of cognitive process factors compared with other influential factors, such as the learning environment and emotions that influence learning. Finally, we concluded that BCI technology could improve students' learning and cognitive skills-when consistently associated with the different pedagogical teaching-learning strategies-for better academic achievement.INDEX TERMS 21st century abilities, Applications in subject areas, Brain computer interface, Improving classroom teaching, Neurofeedback, Teaching/learning strategies.

Multimodal Opera Performance Form Based on Human-Computer Interaction Technology

“…A BCI is a technology that, without external nerves and muscles, transforms signals produced by activity in the brain into commands for remote systems [7]. A research initiative in general communication led to the development of effective BCI (BCI) [8].…”

Role of Self-Efficacy and Resistance to Innovation on the Demotivation and Insufficient Learning Capabilities of Preservice English Normal Students in China

“…The present study will address some gaps does exist in the literature like (1) being one of the important topics like linguistic along with learning capabilities although researched although but still not reached its peak, (2) Wu et al (2021) worked on the students learning capabilities development whereas the present study will work on insufficient learning capabilities along with mediation effect of demotivation in China, (3) Jamil et al (2021) checked the computer interference in enhancement of students capabilities whereas the present study will work on insufficient learning capabilities along with selfefficacy, resistance to innovation, and demotivation in China, (4) Amarakoon et al (2018) worked on the learning capabilities along with innovation whereas the present study will test the insufficient learning capabilities along with number of other variables in Chinese perspective with a new data set, (5) the present study will check the model in Chinese perspective with new data set, and (6) Bonal and González (2020) worked on the lockdown and learning whereas the present study will investigate the insufficient learning capabilities with mediation effect of demotivation in China. The contributions of the study are (1) highlight the importance of preservice English learning capabilities in China, (2) help professionals revamp their policies for the betterment of the learning capabilities of preservice individuals, (3) help the researchers to identify and explore the more aspects of the lack of learning capabilities, (4) it provides the help to the policymakers in developing the policies related to the learning capabilities, and (5) it facilities the relevant authorities to implement the effective policies to improve the learning capabilities.…”

Identifying Thematics in a Brain‐Computer Interface Research

“…The field of BCI is rapidly developing; in 2006, people with paralysis were moving computer mice, and by 2012, this has advanced to the control of robot arms [ 19 , 20 ]. While the development of BCI products has primarily been driven by medical research fields, these developments have a potential crossover potential into the education, gaming and entertainment, marketing and advertising, military, and safety and security sectors [ 5 , 20 , 21 ]. These developments have led to improvements in the quality of life of individuals, particularly those living with chronic disability and those that care for them [ 22 ].…”

“…BCI systems have been developed to assist in the understanding of student performance, particularly those with neurodevelopmental disorders [ 21 , 73 , 74 ]. The use of EEGs in educational setting allows teachers to gauge the level of engagement of the learner, enabling an effective design of educational tools maximizing focused learning [ 54 , 73 ].…”