Cognitive aging is not created equally: differentiating unique cognitive phenotypes in “normal” adults

Casaletto, Kaitlin B.; Elahi, Fanny M.; Staffaroni, Adam M.; Walters, Samantha; Contreras, Wilfredo Rivera; Wolf, Amy; Dubal, Dena B.; Miller, Bruce L.; Yaffe, Kristine; Kramer, Joel H.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.007

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, the study of Yokoyama et al was the only study that reported on genetic factors of cognitive maintenance [29]. There is a total of 11 studies that looked at biological measures in relation to cognitive trajectories including neuroimaging, genetic, blood and autoptic biomarkers [20,28,29,31,34,35,38,43,50,52,69]. However, APOE 4 allele and amyloid load are the only two biomarkers which were tested in two or more studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in Late Life and Associated Predictors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Phyo

Alharbi

et al. 2020

ADR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cognitive aging is a dynamic process in late life with significant heterogeneity across individuals. Objective: To review the evidence for latent classes of cognitive trajectories and to identify the associated predictors and outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles that identified two or more cognitive trajectories in adults. The study was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Results: Thirty-seven studies were included, ranging from 219 to 9,704 participants, with a mean age of 60 to 93.4 years. Most studies (n = 30) identified distinct cognitive trajectories using latent class growth analysis. The trajectory profile commonly consisted of three to four classes with progressively decreasing baseline and increasing rate of decline—a ‘stable-high’ class characterized as maintenance of cognitive function at high level, a ‘minor-decline’ class or ‘stable-medium’ class that declines gradually over time, and a ‘rapid-decline’ class with the steepest downward slope. Generally, membership of better classes was predicted by younger age, being female, more years of education, better health, healthier lifestyle, higher social engagement and lack of genetic risk variants. Some factors (e.g., education) were found to be associated with cognitive function over time only within individual classes. Conclusion: Cognitive aging in late life is a dynamic process with significant inter-individual variability. However, it remains unclear whether similar patterns of cognitive aging are observed across all cognitive domains. Further research into unique factors which promote the maintenance of high-cognitive function is needed to help inform public policy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in Late Life and Associated Predictors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Phyo

Alharbi

et al. 2020

ADR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Compared with premenopausal women, menopausal women express a wide range of psychological symptoms including poor memory and concentration, depression, anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, irritability, and a high level of distress, which may impede coping and decrease quality of life in this group [5]. Furthermore, severe neuropsychiatric symptoms may reflect the development of age-related pathologies such as cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease, especially during the prodromal stage, but get misinterpreted as symptoms of natural aging and go uncared for [6], which can have serious health-related drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Climacteric Symptoms and Attitudes toward Menopause among Emirati Women

Ali

Ahmed

Smail

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Menopause is an inevitable developmental event that women encounter at an age of 42–54 years. The drop of estrogen levels that accompanies cessation of menstruation is associated with multiple vasomotor, physical, neuropsychological, and sexual symptoms, which may hamper quality of life. This study aimed to examine the severity of psychological symptoms and their correlates among peri- and postmenopausal Emirati women (N = 60, mean age = 54.88 ± 6 years). Participants were interviewed using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) and attitudes toward menopause scale (ATMS). In four path analysis models, vasomotor symptoms, weight gain, and fatigue had significant direct effects on symptoms of anxiety, depression (only weight gain and fatigue), and psychological distress. Fatigue significantly mediated the effects of vasomotor symptoms and weight gain on symptoms of anxiety, depression (only vasomotor symptoms), psychological distress, and memory problems. These models explained 47.6%, 44.5%, 56.6%, and 29.1% of the variances in anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and memory problems, respectively. Participants with more severe menopausal symptoms expressed more negative attitudes toward menopause though regression analysis revealed that only vasomotor symptoms could significantly contribute to ATMS scores. In conclusion, psychological distress is widespread among menopausal women, and it is associated with vasomotor symptoms, fatigue, and change of body composition (obesity). Psychological symptoms, along with vasomotor symptoms, express a key link to negative attitudes toward menopause. Therefore, interventional strategies that target psychological distress may promote coping with midlife transition and improve mental health among menopausal women.

show abstract

“…Longitudinal studies that address sex differences in older humans generally indicate poorer episodic memory in men. There is a debate concerning sex differences in the trajectory of cognitive impairments, with results indicating no difference or a steeper decline in males (Finkel et al, 2003;Ferreira et al, 2014;Lundervold et al, 2014;McCarrey et al, 2016;Olaya et al, 2017;Hughes et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2018;Casaletto et al, 2019). Cross-sectional rodent studies indicate age and sex differences in tasks that involve repeated acquisition of spatial information and episodic memory (Lukoyanov et al, 1999;Markowska, 1999;Rossetti et al, 2018); nevertheless, most longitudinal studies in animal models of aging have not compared sex differences in the decline of memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Characterization and Biomarkers of Age and Sex Differences in the Decline of Spatial Memory

Febo

Rani

Yegla

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current longitudinal study examined factors (sex, physical function, response to novelty, ability to adapt to a shift in light/dark cycle, brain connectivity), which might predict the emergence of impaired memory during aging. Male and female Fisher 344 rats were tested at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Impaired spatial memory developed in middle-age (12 months), particularly in males, and the propensity for impairment increased with advanced age. A reduced response to novelty was observed over the course of aging, which is inconsistent with cross-sectional studies. This divergence likely resulted from differences in the history of environmental enrichment/impoverishment for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Animals that exhibited lower level exploration of the inner region on the open field test exhibited better memory at 12 months. Furthermore, males that exhibited a longer latency to enter a novel environment at 6 months, exhibited better memory at 12 months. For females, memory at 12 months was correlated with the ability to behaviorally adapt to a shift in light/dark cycle. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, conducted at 12 months, indicated that the decline in memory was associated with altered functional connectivity within different memory systems, most notably between the hippocampus and multiple regions such as the retrosplenial cortex, thalamus, striatum, and amygdala. Overall, some factors, specifically response to novelty at an early age and the capacity to adapt to shifts in light cycle, predicted spatial memory in middle-age, and spatial memory is associated with corresponding changes in brain connectivity. We discuss similarities and differences related to previous longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, as well as the role of sex differences in providing a theoretical framework to guide future longitudinal research on the trajectory of cognitive decline. In addition to demonstrating the power of longitudinal studies, these data highlight the importance of middle-age for identifying potential predictive indicators of sexual dimorphism in the trajectory in brain and cognitive aging.

show abstract

Cognitive aging is not created equally: differentiating unique cognitive phenotypes in “normal” adults

Cited by 51 publications

References 53 publications

Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in Late Life and Associated Predictors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in Late Life and Associated Predictors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Psychological Climacteric Symptoms and Attitudes toward Menopause among Emirati Women

Longitudinal Characterization and Biomarkers of Age and Sex Differences in the Decline of Spatial Memory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About