Cognitive-Affective Status in Anorexia Nervosa: Self-image and Absence of Positive Emotions

Lundblad, Suzanna; Magnússon, Jónas

doi:10.4172/2471-2701.1000104

Cited by 3 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…It was observed previously [28] that AN patients expressed high levels of "Emotional identifying", "Emotional describing", "Emotional orientation" and Total scoring on the TAS instrument concomitant with low levels of positive affect and higher levels of restraint, eating concern, shape concern, weight concern, higher global score on the EDI-2 and higher levels of negative affect. It was found also that the AN condition was predicted by three factors shape concern and weight concern whereas positive affect was counter-predictive [28]. In another previous study observing a different group of patients [36], it was indicated that AN patients displayed higher levels of negative affect and negative emotions, more stress and depression, greater sleeping problems, pain, and use of analgesic drugs and mood-enhancing drugs, together with lower levels of positive affect and positive emotions but higher levels of physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The instrument EDI-2 was designed to assess eating disorders rather than obesity. Eating behaviour is subject to influences of a multitude of affect-modulating conditions in which individuals develop personal attributes and acquire attitudes and habits that may be life-long, unless altered by circumstance; the affective component of eating disorder and AN, in particular, has been shown [28]. AN patients expressed higher levels of "perfectionism", "interpersonal distrust" and "interoceptive awareness", respectively, compared to OB patients; these attributes appear to contribute to the psychopathological symptom profiles of AN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a measure aimed at facilitation of psychological and physical health, it would appear more appropriate to rescind control needs regarding food intake and eating behaviour than to abstain drastically from intake of necessary nutrients. The observation that body and weight concerns predicted AN diagnosis [28], implies that cognitive-emotions or selective attentional processes may either contribute to or bolster the disorder. Certainly, any need for control and a specific body shape and weight may in turn motivate dietary restraint and an operationalization into behavioural strategies and dietary rules that can either be successful (resulting in weight loss) or fail in implementation (subjective or objective binge eating episodes) arising, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity: A Psychological Health Comparison

Archer¹

2016

Arch Depress Anxiety

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016alexithymia, an inability to identify and describe their emotions and affective status [11,12]. They show a paucity of words expressing feelings and demonstrate difficulties in identifying and distinguishing feeling of physical sensations. Alexithymia and personal distress seem to predict the vulnerability features of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) with higher levels of personal distress in the latter linked to poor selfregulation and emotional awareness [13]. There is a high co-morbidity between the eating disorders (Lundblad et al., 2003), AN and OB, and anxiety and/or alexithymia disorders [14], moreover, AN patients display certain features similar to those abusing substances/exercise, through a 'narrowed' behavioral repertoire such that weight loss, food intake restriction, and excessive exercise interfere with other activities in a similar fashion to substance/exercise abuse [15]. Further, comorbidity between AN, anxiety, depression and psychoactive substance use has been described [16]. It is likely that the disorder elevates anxiety, depression with stress presenting a predisposing factor to poorer health-related quality-of-life and social support [17]. The core affective processes that evolve into the development and maintenance of eating disorder remain relatively unknown although the contributions of alexithymia suggest an affective basis [18].The purpose of the present study was to compare the psychopathological features of women diagnosed with either AN or OB using well-established instruments that included Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) with accompanying Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Method and Materials ParticipantsThe patient sample consisted of six women presenting AN [19], and with a BMI range of 14.3-14.9, who were consecutively assessed at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, at a special psychiatric clinic for IntroductionPatients presenting anorexia nervosa (AN) and those presenting obesity (OB) express marked differences in bodily appearance and shape, but these eating disorder patients, nevertheless, share several common features. Although in some quarters the presence of OB as an eating disorder may be denied, for the purposes of the present study and based on our own psychiatric convictions OB is regarded as a disorder with eating behavioral consequences. Both groups show markedly problems, symptomatically, with food intake and eating behaviour. This patient group is occupied also, in a variety of ways, with persistent thoughts concerning what to eat or not, the number of calories in-taken, slimming techniques and other related topics. Both groups of eating disorder patients are afflicted with poor physical health and accompanying complaints. Several studies have shown a U-or J-shaped relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and mortality, with individuals at the extremely low and the extremely high weight level...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity: A Psychological Health Comparison

Archer¹

2016

Arch Depress Anxiety

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“…Besides these self-descriptions, anorexia nervosa patients also describe themselves as rigid, industrious/persistent, and perfectionists (e.g., Akan & Grilo, 1995). These personality profile and their propensity to experience anxiety and negative affect (Harney, Fitzsimmons-Kraft, Maldonado & Bardone-Cone, 2014;Spring & Bulik, 2014;Lundblad, Garcia, Hansson & Archer, 2015;Lundblad, Magnusson, Hansson & Archer, 2015) might lead to cognitiveemotional dysfunctions, such as, intolerance of uncertainty (cf. Sternheim Startup & Sschmidt, 2011;Sternheim, Konstantellou, Startup & Schmidt, 2011;Sternheim, Startup & Schmidt, 2015).…”

Section: In the Best Little Girl In The World By Steven Levenkronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "A dark past, a restrained present, and an apocalyptic future: time perspective, personality, and life satisfaction among anorexia nervosa patients (v0.1)"

2017

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Background: Despite reporting low levels of well-being, anorexia nervosa patients express temperament traits (e.g., extraversion and persistence) necessary for high levels of life satisfaction. Nevertheless, among individuals without eating disorders, a balanced organization of the flow of time, influences life satisfaction beyond temperamental dispositions. A balanced time perspective is defined as: high past positive, low past negative, high present hedonistic, low present fatalistic, and high future. We investigated differences in time perspective dimensions, personality traits, and life satisfaction between anorexia nervosa patients and matched controls. We also investigated if the personality traits and the outlook on time associated to positive levels of life satisfaction among controls, also predicted anorexia patients' life satisfaction. Additionally, we investigated if time perspective dimensions predicted life satisfaction beyond personality traits among both patients and controls. Method: 88 anorexia nervosa patients from a clinic in the West of Sweden and 111 gender-age matched controls from a university in the West of Sweden participated in the Study. All participants responded to the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Ten Item Personality Inventory, and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results: A t-test showed that patients scored higher in the past negative, the present fatalistic, and the future dimensions, lower in the past positive and the present hedonistic dimensions, higher in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, and lower in life satisfaction. Regression analyses showed that life satisfaction was predicted by openness to experience and emotional stability for controls and by emotional stability among patients. When time dimensions were entered in the regression, emotional stability and the past negative and past positive time dimensions predicted life satisfaction among controls, but only the past positive and present hedonistic time dimensions predicted life satisfaction among patients. Conclusion: Anorexia patients were less satisfied with life despite being more conscientious, social, and agreeable than controls. Moreover, compared to controls, patients had an unbalanced time perspective: a dark view of the past (i.e., high past negative), a restrained present (i.e., low present hedonistic) and an apocalyptic view of the future (i.e., high present fatalistic). It is plausible to suggest that, therapeutic interventions should focus on empowering patients to cultivate a sentimental and positive view of the past (i.e., high past positive) and the desire to experience pleasure without concern for future

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A dark past, a restrained present, and an apocalyptic future: time perspective, personality, and life satisfaction among anorexia nervosa patients

Garcia

Granjard

Lundblad

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundDespite reporting low levels of well-being, anorexia nervosa patients express temperament traits (e.g., extraversion and persistence) necessary for high levels of life satisfaction. Nevertheless, among individuals without eating disorders, a balanced organization of the flow of time, influences life satisfaction beyond temperamental dispositions. A balanced time perspective is defined as: high past positive, low past negative, high present hedonistic, low present fatalistic, and high future. We investigated differences in time perspective dimensions, personality traits, and life satisfaction between anorexia nervosa patients and matched controls. We also investigated if the personality traits and the outlook on time associated to positive levels of life satisfaction among controls also predicted anorexia patients’ life satisfaction. Additionally, we investigated if time perspective dimensions predicted life satisfaction beyond personality traits among both patients and controls.MethodA total of 88 anorexia nervosa patients from a clinic in the West of Sweden and 111 gender-age matched controls from a university in the West of Sweden participated in the Study. All participants responded to the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Ten Item Personality Inventory, and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale.ResultsA t-test showed that patients scored higher in the past negative, the present fatalistic, and the future dimensions, lower in the past positive and the present hedonistic dimensions, higher in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, and lower in life satisfaction. Regression analyses showed that life satisfaction was predicted by openness to experience and emotional stability for controls and by emotional stability among patients. When time dimensions were entered in the regression, emotional stability and the past negative and past positive time dimensions predicted life satisfaction among controls, but only the past positive and present hedonistic time dimensions predicted life satisfaction among patients.ConclusionAnorexia patients were less satisfied with life despite being more conscientious, social, and agreeable than controls. Moreover, compared to controls, patients had an unbalanced time perspective: a dark view of the past (i.e., high past negative), a restrained present (i.e., low present hedonistic) and an apocalyptic view of the future (i.e., high present fatalistic). It is plausible to suggest that, therapeutic interventions should focus on empowering patients to cultivate a sentimental and positive view of the past (i.e., high past positive) and the desire to experience pleasure without concern for future consequences (i.e., high present hedonistic) so that they can make self-directed and flexible choices for their own well-being. Such interventions might have effects on life satisfaction beyond the patients’ temperamental disposition.

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Cognitive-Affective Status in Anorexia Nervosa: Self-image and Absence of Positive Emotions

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity: A Psychological Health Comparison

Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity: A Psychological Health Comparison

Peer Review #2 of "A dark past, a restrained present, and an apocalyptic future: time perspective, personality, and life satisfaction among anorexia nervosa patients (v0.1)"

A dark past, a restrained present, and an apocalyptic future: time perspective, personality, and life satisfaction among anorexia nervosa patients

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