Cognition and Eye Movements

White, Owen B; Fielding, Joanne

doi:10.1097/wno.0b013e3182688230

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Eye movements are a highly sensitive and objective measures used to test various levels of nervous system function, including cognitive status, making them a suitable measure for modeling PD and MSA disease course (9). Particularly, evidence suggests that saccadic performance may be useful in characterizing Parkinsonian disorders (10–13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slowed Prosaccades and Increased Antisaccade Errors As a Potential Behavioral Biomarker of Multiple System Atrophy

et al. 2017

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Current clinical diagnostic tools are limited in their ability to accurately differentiate idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) from multiple system atrophy (MSA) and other parkinsonian disorders early in the disease course, but eye movements may stand as objective and sensitive markers of disease differentiation and progression. To assess the use of eye movement performance for uniquely characterizing PD and MSA, subjects diagnosed with PD (N = 21), MSA (N = 11), and age-matched controls (C, N = 20) were tested on the prosaccade and antisaccade tasks using an infrared eye tracker. Twenty of these subjects were retested ~7 months later. Saccade latencies, error rates, and longitudinal changes in saccade latencies were measured. Both PD and MSA patients had greater antisaccade error rates than C subjects, but MSA patients exhibited longer prosaccade latencies than both PD and C patients. With repeated testing, antisaccade latencies improved over time, with benefits in C and PD but not MSA patients. In the prosaccade task, the normal latencies of the PD group show that basic sensorimotor oculomotor function remain intact in mid-stage PD, whereas the impaired latencies of the MSA group suggest additional degeneration earlier in the disease course. Changes in antisaccade latency appeared most sensitive to differences between MSA and PD across short time intervals. Therefore, in these mid-stage patients, increased antisaccade errors combined with slowed prosaccade latencies might serve as a useful marker for early differentiation between PD and MSA, and, antisaccade performance, a measure of MSA progression. Together, our findings suggest that eye movements are promising biomarkers for early differentiation and progression of parkinsonian disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slowed Prosaccades and Increased Antisaccade Errors As a Potential Behavioral Biomarker of Multiple System Atrophy

et al. 2017

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“…During such experiments manual motor control is often studied objectively and typically without simultaneous eye-movement analysis. However, altered ocular motor function is a sensitive biomarker of brain injury (17, 18) in both the cognitive and motor domains (8, 19) and provides clinical insight into neurovascular, neurotraumatic, and neurodegenerative pathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Control Deficits Coupled to Hand Control Deficits: Eye–Hand Incoordination in Chronic Cerebral Injury

et al. 2017

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It is widely accepted that cerebral pathology can impair ocular motor and manual motor control. This is true in indolent and chronic processes, such as neurodegeneration and in acute processes such as stroke or those secondary to neurotrauma. More recently, it has been suggested that disruptions in these control systems are useful markers for prognostication and longitudinal monitoring. The utility of examining the relationship or the coupling between these systems has yet to be determined. We measured eye and hand-movement control in chronic, middle cerebral artery stroke, relative to healthy controls, in saccade-to-reach paradigms to assess eye–hand coordination. Primary saccades were initiated significantly earlier by stroke participants relative to control participants. However, despite these extremely early initial saccades to the target, reaches were nevertheless initiated at approximately the same time as those of control participants. Control participants minimized the time period between primary saccade onset and reach initiation, demonstrating temporal coupling between eye and hand. In about 90% of all trials, control participants produced no secondary, or corrective, saccades, instead maintaining fixation in the terminal position of the primary saccade until the end of the reach. In contrast, participants with stroke increased the time period between primary saccade onset and reach initiation. During this temporal decoupling, multiple saccades were produced in about 50% of the trials with stroke participants making between one and five additional saccades. Reaches made by participants with stroke were both longer in duration and less accurate. In addition to these increases in spatial reach errors, there were significant increases in saccade endpoint errors. Overall, the magnitude of the endpoint errors for reaches and saccades were correlated across participants. These findings suggest that in individuals with otherwise intact visual function, the spatial and temporal relationships between the eye and hand are disrupted poststroke, and may need to be specifically targeted during neurorehabilitation. Eye–hand coupling may be a useful biomarker in individuals with cerebral pathology in the setting of neurovascular, neurotraumatic, and neurodegenerative pathology.

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“…The interdependency of the neural activity between these areas illustrates the importance of their functional integrity for proper eye movement function. Additionally, these complex circuits involve cognitive processing such as memory, attention and language function [ 35 ]. Pathology at any of these various levels in a functional pathway will result in errors of performance [ 35 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, these complex circuits involve cognitive processing such as memory, attention and language function [ 35 ]. Pathology at any of these various levels in a functional pathway will result in errors of performance [ 35 ]. Given that the network of visual and eye movement pathways is widely distributed throughout the brain, saccade testing is well suited to examine the neurophysiologic effects of concussion.…”

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confidence: 99%

The King-Devick test of rapid number naming for concussion detection: meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature

et al. 2016

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Background:Vision encompasses a large component of the brain's pathways, yet is not represented in current sideline testing.Objectives:We performed a meta-analysis of published data for a vision-based test of rapid number naming (King-Devick [K-D] test).Studies & methods:Pooled and meta-analysis of 15 studies estimated preseason baseline K-D scores and sensitivity/specificity for identifying concussed versus nonconcussed control athletes.Result:Baseline K-D (n = 1419) showed a weighted estimate of 43.8 s (95% CI: 40.2, 47.5; I2 = 0.0%; p=0.85 – indicating very little heterogeneity). Sensitivity was 86% (96/112 concussed athletes had K-D worsening; 95% CI: 78%, 92%); specificity was 90% (181/202 controls had no worsening; 95% CI: 85%, 93%).Conclusion:Rapid number naming adds to sideline assessment and contributes a critical dimension of vision to sports-related concussion testing.

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Cognition and Eye Movements

Abstract: Assessment of cognitive function in the ocular motor system may provide insight into cerebral function, in health and disease, and may provide both diagnostic information and permit quantification of deficit in future.

Cited by 33 publications

References 81 publications

Slowed Prosaccades and Increased Antisaccade Errors As a Potential Behavioral Biomarker of Multiple System Atrophy

Slowed Prosaccades and Increased Antisaccade Errors As a Potential Behavioral Biomarker of Multiple System Atrophy

Eye Control Deficits Coupled to Hand Control Deficits: Eye–Hand Incoordination in Chronic Cerebral Injury

The King-Devick test of rapid number naming for concussion detection: meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature

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