Cognition and Craving During Smoking Cessation: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Waters, Andrew J.; Szeto, Edwin H.; Wetter, David W.; Cinciripini, Paul M.; Robinson, Jason D.; Li, Yisheng

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt108

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…These findings are similar therefore to two other studies, which also reported crosssectional associations between attentional processes and craving in smokers trying to stop smoking (Waters et al, 2014) and heroin-addicts in treatment (Marhe et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association between smoking-related attentional bias and craving measured in the clinic and in the natural environment.

Begh¹,

Smith²,

Ferguson³

et al. 2016

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record. This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via American Psychological Association at http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/adb/index.aspx. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol -Explore Bristol Research General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms 1 Association between smoking-related attentional bias and craving measured in the clinic and in the natural environment 2 ObjectivePrevious studies have investigated the association between attentional bias and craving in laboratories, but ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may provide ecologically valid data. This study examines whether clinic-measured attentional bias is associated with noticing smoking cues, attention to smoking, and craving assessed by EMA and whether EMA-assessed cues and attention to smoking are associated with craving. MethodSecondary analyses of clinical trial data involving 100 cigarette smokers attempting to quit assisted by behavioural support and nicotine patch treatment. Two weeks prior to quitting, participants completed attentional bias assessments on visual probe and Stroop tasks.Participants carried personal digital assistants for seven weeks thereafter, which administered random assessments of smoking cues, attention towards smoking, and craving. ResultsParticipants completed 9271 random prompt assessments, averaging 3.3 prompts/day. There was no evidence that clinic-measured attentional bias was associated with cues seen (visual probe: OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.99, 1.01; Stroop: OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.99, 1.00), attention towards smoking (visual probe: OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.99, 1.02; Stroop: OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.99, 1.00), or craving (visual probe: OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.99, 1.02; Stroop: OR=1.00, 95% CI=0.99, 1.01). EMA responses to seeing a smoking cue (OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.74, 2.16) and attention towards smoking (OR=3.69, 95%CI=3.42, 3.98) were associated with craving. Internal reliability was higher for the Stroop (α=0.75) than visual probe task (α=0.20). Conclusions 3In smokers attempting cessation, clinic measures of attentional bias do not predict noticing smoking cues, focus on smoking, or craving. However, there are associations between noticing smoking cues, attention towards smoking, and craving when assessed in the moment, suggesting that attentional bias may not be a stable trait.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association between smoking-related attentional bias and craving measured in the clinic and in the natural environment.

Begh¹,

Smith²,

Ferguson³

et al. 2016

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data from the other assessments will be reported elsewhere. At the quit day session some participants volunteered to participate in an ecological momentary assessment study which involved carrying a personal digital assistant (PDA) for 1 week in the field after the quit day (see Waters et al 27 for EMA protocol). On the PDA, self-report and reaction time data were collected including the SS task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SS task assessed attentional bias to smoking cues as described in Waters et al 27 As noted above, the task was administered on a PDA (HP iPAQ Pocket PC) in the field for 1 week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] In this study we used the Subjective Attentional Bias Questionnaire (SABQ), along with a reaction time task, to examine attention to smoking cues in Blacks and Whites. 26,27 An example item on the SABQ is "How often have you found yourself staring at cigarettes and cigarette smoke?" In contrast, reaction time measures such as the Smoking Stroop (SS) primarily capture automatic attentional processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black Cigarette Smokers Report More Attention to Smoking Cues Than White Smokers: Implications for Smoking Cessation

Robinson

Pickworth

Heishman

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Introduction: Black cigarette smokers have lower rates of smoking cessation compared with Whites. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences are not clear. Many Blacks live in communities saturated by tobacco advertisements. These cue-rich environments may undermine cessation attempts by provoking smoking. Moreover, attentional bias to smoking cues (attention capture by smoking cues) has been linked to lower cessation outcomes. Cessation attempts among Blacks may be compromised by attentional bias to smoking cues and a cue-rich environment. Method: Attention to smoking cues in Black and White smokers was examined in 2 studies. In both studies, assessments were completed during 2 laboratory visits: a nonabstinent session and an abstinent session. In study 1, nontreatment-seeking smokers (99 Whites, 104 Blacks) completed the Subjective Attentional Bias Questionnaire (SABQ; a self-report measure of attention to cues) and the Smoking Stroop task (a reaction time measure of attentional bias to smoking cues). In study 2, 110 White and 74 Black treatment-seeking smokers completed these assessments and attempted to quit. Results: In study 1, Blacks reported higher ratings than Whites on the SABQ (p = .005). In study 2, Blacks also reported higher ratings than Whites on the SABQ (p = .003). In study 2, Blacks had lower biochemical-verified point prevalence abstinence than Whites, and the between-race difference in outcome was partially mediated by SABQ ratings. Conclusion: Blacks reported greater attention to smoking cues than Whites, possibly due to betweenrace differences in environments. Greater attention to smoking cues may undermine cessation attempts.

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“…For example, Waters et al [20] showed that attentional bias toward smoking cues was related to higher craving on the between-subjects level; however, this effect was not found on the within-subjects level: Instances where an individual's attentional bias was higher than the individual's average bias score were not related to higherthan-average cravings for the individual. This contradicts theoretical models which assume that higher attentional bias goes along with higher cravings.…”

Section: Within-individual Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Technologies to Study Smoking Behavior: Current Developments in Ecological Momentary Assessment

et al. 2015

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Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods for the capture of real-world data in real time have seen significant advances, both in popularity and application, over the past few years. As a research methodology, EMA offers considerable advantages and has proven to be particularly suited to the study of substance dependence research. Using EMA, research participants can record information about events, symptoms, situations, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as they occur. Moreover, when used in concert with other technologies, such as geospatial software, EMA becomes a tool with which researchers can gather rich data about individuals' daily lives. This review aims to introduce the reader to EMA and to the rationale behind its use. We discuss the applications for which EMA can be used, and the many advantages they offer, with a particular focus on the study of smoking behaviors.

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Cognition and Craving During Smoking Cessation: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Abstract: Attentional bias can be assessed in the natural environment using EMA during smoking cessation, and attentional bias is a correlate of craving during the early stages of a quit attempt.

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Association between smoking-related attentional bias and craving measured in the clinic and in the natural environment.

Association between smoking-related attentional bias and craving measured in the clinic and in the natural environment.

Black Cigarette Smokers Report More Attention to Smoking Cues Than White Smokers: Implications for Smoking Cessation

Novel Technologies to Study Smoking Behavior: Current Developments in Ecological Momentary Assessment

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