Cognition and action: a latent variable approach to study contributions of executive functions to motor control in older adults

Seer, Caroline; Sidlauskaite, Justina; Lange, Florian; Rodríguez-Nieto, Geraldine; Swinnen, Stephan P.

doi:10.18632/aging.203239

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…As in our previous work, we found a significant relationship between EF and motor performance in older adults [28]. While this result is based on a subsample reported in our earlier paper and therefore cannot be interpreted as independent evidence for a link between EF and motor performance, it is well in line with earlier findings [26,27] as well as the proposed theoretical link between EF and bimanual coordination [3,19].…”

Section: Motor and Executive Performance In Older Adultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This choice was intended to describe the relationships among white matter measures, EF, and motor performance in the absence of any severe pathology. Participants were recruited from the area of Leuven (Belgium) as part of a larger project [ 28 ]. The original sample included 111 older adults.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Executive functions are a set of generic higherorder mental processes that are thought to guide and control lower-level mental processes to enable successful goal-directed behavior [24,25]. Earlier work has suggested that age-related changes in EF may contribute to or exacerbate age-related motor difficulties [26][27][28], potentially because older adults rely on executive functions to a larger extent than young adults when performing complex motor tasks [29,30]. Similar to motor functions, EF were shown to be associated with white matter tracts connecting multiple brain areas, including prefrontal, fronto-parietal, and subcortical areas [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bridging cognition and action: executive functioning mediates the relationship between white matter fiber density and complex motor abilities in older adults

Seer

Adab

Sidlauskaite

et al. 2022

Aging

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Aging may be associated with motor decline that is attributed to deteriorating white matter microstructure of the corpus callosum (CC), among other brain-related factors. Similar to motor functioning, executive functioning (EF) typically declines during aging, with age-associated changes in EF likewise being linked to altered white matter connectivity in the CC. Given that both motor and executive functions rely on white matter connectivity via the CC, and that bimanual control is thought to rely on EF, the question arises whether EF can at least party account for the proposed link between CC-connectivity and motor control in older adults. To address this, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 84 older adults. A fiber-specific approach was used to obtain fiber density (FD), fiber cross-section (FC), and a combination of both metrics in eight transcallosal white matter tracts. Motor control was assessed using a bimanual coordination task. EF was determined by a domain-general latent EF-factor extracted from multiple EF tasks, based on a comprehensive test battery. FD of transcallosal prefrontal fibers was associated with cognitive and motor performance. EF partly accounted for the relationship between FD of prefrontal transcallosal pathways and motor control. Our results underscore the multidimensional interrelations between callosal white matter connectivity (especially in prefrontal brain regions), EF across multiple domains, and motor control in the older population. They also highlight the importance of considering EF when investigating brain-motor behavior associations in older adults.

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Section: Motor and Executive Performance In Older Adultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bridging cognition and action: executive functioning mediates the relationship between white matter fiber density and complex motor abilities in older adults

Seer

Adab

Sidlauskaite

et al. 2022

Aging

Self Cite

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“…It can deal with potential variables and observe indicators and measurement errors ( 11 ). In addition, it can also explore the causal relationship between potential variables and quantitatively evaluate the direct and indirect effects of variables ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Influenza Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers in Chongqing, China—Based on Structural Equation Model

Chen

Jiang

Tang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundInfluenza is associated with a large number of disease burdens, and it is generally recommended that all healthcare workers (HCWs) get an influenza vaccination. However, the vaccination rates among HCWs are still low. This study aimed to assess HCWs' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about the influenza vaccine, and by establishing a structural equation model (SEM) to explore the influencing factors of medical personnel's influenza vaccination in Chongqing, China.MethodsFrom September to November 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in four sentinel hospitals and four non-sentinel hospitals in Chongqing, China. We calculated knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores for each study participant and assessed the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the medical staff. An SEM was used to evaluate the relationship between latent variables, and the path graph between knowledge, attitude, and behavior was established.ResultsA total of 1,412 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey, including four sentinel hospitals (N = 606, 42.92%) and four non-sentinel hospitals (N = 806, 57.08%). Women (N = 1,102, 78.05%) were more than men (N = 310, 21.95%), with an average age of 32.36 ± 7.78 years old and under 30 years old (N = 737, 52.20%), respectively. Nurses (741, 52.48%) were the main subjects, followed by physicians (457, 32.37%). The final SEM model was obtained after the model was modified and adjusted. A bootstrap analysis of path coefficients was carried out on the final model. Knowledge has a direct influence on behavior. The normalized path coefficient is 0.071 (95% CI: 0.002–0.161), and the value of P of the hypothesis test result of the path coefficient is 0.042. The direct influence of knowledge on attitude standardization was 0.175 (95% CI: 0.095–0.281). The direct influence of attitude on practice standardization was 0.818 (95% CI: 0.770–0.862). The indirect effect of knowledge on the standardization of practice through attitude was 0.144 (95% CI: 0.076–0.235).ConclusionsAccording to the SEM, there is a direct positive correlation between KAP and the influenza vaccine. The indirect influence of knowledge on the standard of behavior through attitude is about two times as much as the direct influence on behavior, indicating that attitude plays a strong mediating role between knowledge and practice.

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“…Executive functions are associated from an early age with physical activity [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] and, particularly, with the practice of sports [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Such a relationship has also been evidenced in older people, and associations have been reported between complex motor tasks and executive functioning [ 21 ]. In fact, some research suggests that older adults use a higher-order set of cognitive skills, such as executive functions, to help execute complex motor tasks, given that motor control may become less automated with age [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

et al. 2022

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Background: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise programs have proven to exert positive effects on the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects sport-based exercise programs have on cognitive performance, upon executive functions, remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of sport-based exercise programs on executive functions in older adults, through a systematic review protocol of the scientific literature, with a meta-analysis. Methods: The search was performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO electronic databases by combining keywords and different medical subject headings (MeSH) to identify and evaluate the relevant studies from inception up until June 2022. This study considers longitudinal studies with at least one experimental group and pre- and post-intervention measurements involving healthy older adults of 60 years of age or older. Studies have to consider one or more measures of executive function, including dimensions of working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, in order to meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this report. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for methodological quality assessment studies. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses and report effect sizes (ES, i.e., Hedges’ g) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and a statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The ES values were calculated for executive function globally and for each dimension of executive function (e.g., working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility) in the experimental and control/comparator groups using the mean and standard deviation values before and after the intervention period. Conclusions: Our systematic review aims to clarify the effects of sport-based exercise programs on executive functions in older adults. The results may help practitioners and stakeholders to provide better evidence-based decisions regarding sport-based exercise program implementation for older adults, and to help them to optimize cognitive functions during the aging process. Ethical permission is not required for this study. Systematic review registration: this systematic review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42022284788).

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Cognition and action: a latent variable approach to study contributions of executive functions to motor control in older adults

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Bridging cognition and action: executive functioning mediates the relationship between white matter fiber density and complex motor abilities in older adults

Bridging cognition and action: executive functioning mediates the relationship between white matter fiber density and complex motor abilities in older adults

Research on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Influenza Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers in Chongqing, China—Based on Structural Equation Model

Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

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