Cofortification of iron-fortified flour with zinc sulfate, but not zinc oxide, decreases iron absorption in Indonesian children

Herman, Susilowati; Griffin, Ian J.; Suwarti, Susi; Ernawati, Fitrah; Permaesih, Dewi; Pambudi, Djoko; Abrams, Steven A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.4.813

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The inhibitory effect of phenolics (that were higher in red sorghum) and phytates could have contributed in lowering the bioavailability of the native and added zinc [9,28]. It could have also been affected by the addition of iron [30,31]. The relative increased bioavailability of zinc in the fortified flours of finger millet, maize and white sorghum, as compared to red sorghum could also have been a result of relatively high amounts of ascorbic acid observed in these flours.…”

Section: Total Zinc and In Vitro Available Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phytate and iron-binding phenolics on the content and availability of iron and zinc in micronutrients fortified cereal flours

Towo¹,

Mgoba²,

Ndossi³

et al. 2011

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development

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Iron deficiency anaemia is highly prevalent in Tanzania-affecting predominantly children and women. Fortification of cereal flour with micro-nutrients is being carried out as a strategy for combating micro-nutrient deficiencies. Four different cereal flours were fortified with micro-nutrients and evaluated for total and bioavailable iron and zinc, iron binding polyphenolics, phytate content and ascorbic acid. The extractable total phenolics ranged from 1.3 (maize) to 19.4 (redsorghum) mg catechin equivalent (CE) g -1 . Catechols ranged from 1.1 (maize) to 11.7 (red-sorghum) mg CE g -1 . Red sorghum was the only flour that contained a high amount of galloyls (4.0 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE) g -1 ). All samples contained high amounts of phytate (10.7 ± 1.0 µmol g -1 ). The average total iron was 42.26 ± 10.26 mg kg -1 in the unfortified and 52.67 ± 10.19 mg kg -1 in the fortified cereal flours and the average in vitro available iron was 1.03 ± 0.30 mg kg

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Section: Total Zinc and In Vitro Available Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phytate and iron-binding phenolics on the content and availability of iron and zinc in micronutrients fortified cereal flours

Towo¹,

Mgoba²,

Ndossi³

et al. 2011

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development

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“…El óxido de zinc y el sulfato de zinc son los dos compuestos de menor costo; sin embargo, debido a que el óxido es insoluble a pH neutro, se cuestionaba su uso como fortificante. Tres estudios han mostrado que el óxido de zinc y el sulfato de zinc tienen absorciones similares de productos a base de cereales fortificados con zinc (26)(27)(28). Asimismo, los estudios existentes muestran que la fortificación con zinc puede incrementar la ingesta diaria de zinc y la absorción total de zinc (29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Tablaunclassified

El Zinc en La Salud Humana - Ii

Romaña

Diazgranados

2010

Rev. chil. nutr.

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de zinc se puede originar como resultado de una ingesta dietética inadecuada, especialmente en periodos que aumentan los requerimientos, como en periodos de crecimiento rápido (infancia y adolescencia), por malabsorción, por el incremento de las pérdidas y/o por impedimentosd en su utilización (1). Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos la causa primaria de deficiencia de zinc es una ingesta inadecuada del zinc absorbible, la cual comúnmente ocurre como resultado de la combinación de una baja ingesta dietética y el consumo frecuente de alimentos con bajo contenido de este elemento y/o de formas de zinc poco absorbibles (1).Se ha estimado que aproximadamente un tercio de la población mundial vive en países identificados por tener un alto riesgo de deficiencia de zinc (2) (figura 1). Los grupos que se encuentran en alto riesgo de ser deficientes en zinc son: a) lactantes nacidos pre-término, b) lactantes pequeños para su edad gestacional, c) los niños en la etapa de destete, d) los niños en recuperación de una desnutrición, e) los adolescentes, f) las mujeres ABSTRACT Zinc is a divalent cation with multiple functions in the human body. Zinc absorption occurs in the small intestine and is, together with its excretion via faeces, the point of control for zinc homeostasis. Zinc is an essential nutrient with a specific role in more than 300 enzymes which participate in all important biochemical reactions of the human body. Therefore, zinc status has a direct effect in growth, neurological and behavioural development and in the immune system. The diagnosis of zinc deficiency in individuals is not yet possible given that there still is no indicator with adequate sensitivity. Nevertheless, it is acceptable to use serum zinc levels to evaluate populations. Finally, intervention strategies such as supplementation, food fortification and/or dietary modification can be used to control and/or prevent zinc deficiency.

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“…However, there is limited data on therapeutic effect of zinc supplementation on severe infections in young infants less than 4 months of age (Herman et al, 2002;Froozani and Parsam, 1983). This is an initial report of the serum zinc level in full -term neonates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The association of maternal social factors and antenatal care with cord serum zinc in full – term neonates

Lasisi¹,

Kuti²,

Adekunle³

2010

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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Zinc is a crucial micronutrient in early childhood survival and the development of innate and acquired immunity. The objective is to determine the relationship between of maternal social class and antenatal care to serum zinc level in newborns in a tertiary and a rural hospital. It is prospective study using questionnaires on consecutive mothers with normal pregnancy(excluding sepsis and chronic illneses) and cord serum level of Zinc estimation in newborns using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. There were 106 mothers and neonates; were made up of 57 females and 49 males. The ages of the mother ranged between 21 years to 39 years, with a mean of 26 years; while the gestational age of the neonates ranged between 30 weeks and 45 weeks with a mean of 37.3. The range of the serum Zinc was 0.14µg/L -0.92µg/L, with a mean of 0.64µg/L (SD=0.17) and median value of 0.63µg/L. The social classes of the mothers were low 66, middle 23 and high 17 with mean neonatal serum zinc of 0.62µg/L, 0.68µg/L and 0.72µg/L. The mean serum Zinc in 17/86 neonates of mothers with inadequate tetanus vaccination was 0.53µg/L, (below the median value) compared to 0.66µg/L in 89/106 neonates of mothers with complete vaccination. The serum zinc in the neonates of mothers <25 years of age was 0.68µg/L compared to 0.61µg/L in the neonates of mothers >25years. Fever in pregnancy was seen in 31/106; with mean neonatal serum Zinc of 0.63µg/L compared with those without fever 0.65µg/L. There were 94 neonates with normal weight (>2.5kg) and 12 low birth weight (<2.5kg) with mean serum Zinc of 0.69µg/L and 0.66µg/L respectively. Antenatal care was complete in 81 and incomplete in 25 with mean neonatal serum Zinc of 0.66µg/L and 0.56µg/L respectively. Univariate analysis revealed significant correlation between the mean serum Zinc and the socioeconomic class (P = 0.022), but there was no correlation with maternal age (P=0.327), sex (P=0.566), gestational age (P=0.100), birth weight (P=0.365), vaccination (P=0.954), malaria fever (P=0.875) and antenatal care (P=0.97), We concluded that low social status of the mothers and inadequate vaccination in pregnancy were major factors associated with low neonatal serum zinc. The control of these factors may impact on optimal neonatal nutrition.

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Cofortification of iron-fortified flour with zinc sulfate, but not zinc oxide, decreases iron absorption in Indonesian children

Abstract: Iron and zinc appear to be highly bioavailable from foods made from fortified flour, but zinc sulfate cofortification may have a detrimental effect on iron absorption.

Cited by 81 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of phytate and iron-binding phenolics on the content and availability of iron and zinc in micronutrients fortified cereal flours

Effect of phytate and iron-binding phenolics on the content and availability of iron and zinc in micronutrients fortified cereal flours

El Zinc en La Salud Humana - Ii

The association of maternal social factors and antenatal care with cord serum zinc in full – term neonates

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