Coffee Oil Consumption Does Not Affect Serum Cholesterol in Rhesus and Cebus Monkeys

Terpstra, A.H.M.; Katan, Martijn B.; Wouw, M.P.M.E. Weusten-van der; Nicolosi, Robert J.; Beynen, A.C.

doi:10.1093/jn/125.9.2301

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In contrast to the previously described findings in African green monkeys, coffee oil did not affect plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols in cebus and rhesus monkeys (Terpstra et al 1995). These monkeys consumed a daily amount of cafestol corresponding to that present in twelve to thirteen cups of boiled coffee per 10 MJ diet (Fig.…”

Section: Coffee Diterpenes Fail To Show Consistent Results In Other Acontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…This diet was supplemented with either a placebo oil consisting of sunflower oil and palm oil (3:2, w/w), or with coffee oil. Both oils had a similar content of fatty acids (Terpstra et al 1995). The diets provided 0·26 g coffee oil or placebo oil/kg body weight per d; as a result the coffee-oil diet provided 8 mg cafestol and 7 mg kahweol/kg body weight per d. During a run-in period of 6 weeks, all monkeys consumed the placebo-oil diet.…”

Section: Effect Of Coffee Diterpenes In African Green Monkeys and Hummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validity of animal models for the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee diterpenes in human subjects

et al. 1999

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fax +31 317 485369Cafestol and kahweol, coffee lipids present in unfiltered coffee brews, potently increase LDLcholesterol concentration in human subjects. We searched for an animal species in which cafestol similarly increases LDL-cholesterol. Such an animal model could be used subsequently as a model to study the mechanism of action of cafestol and kahweol. Cafestol and kahweol increased serum lipids in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), cebus (Cebus apella) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys, hamsters, rats and gerbils differently from the increase in human subjects. In African green monkeys, the rise in total cholesterol was less pronounced than that in human subjects. In addition, the increase in total cholesterol was predominantly due to a rise in HDL-cholesterol rather than LDL-cholesterol. Thus, the rise in plasma lipids might illustrate the mechanism in these monkeys rather than the mechanism in human subjects. In other animal species, cafestol and kahweol did not raise cholesterol consistently. The variability in effects on serum lipids could not be explained by the mode of administration or dose of diterpenes, nor by the amount of cholesterol in the diet. In conclusion, we did not find an animal model in which cafestol and kahweol elevate plasma lipoproteins to the same extent as in human subjects. For the time being, therefore, studies on the mechanism of action should be done preferably in human subjects.

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Section: Coffee Diterpenes Fail To Show Consistent Results In Other Acontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Effect Of Coffee Diterpenes In African Green Monkeys and Hummentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of animal models for the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee diterpenes in human subjects

et al. 1999

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“…Insight into meta- [28] were also negative, regardless of the dosage, the mode of administration, the duration of treatment and the cholesterol content of the background diet. Cebus and Rhesus monkeys did not respond to the coffee oil that we had used in our human studies ( Figure 3) [29]. It is possible that differences in absorption or metabolism of coffee diterpenes account for this curious species-specificity.…”

Section: Sites Of Action Of Coffee Diterpenesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Humans ingested 0 03 g of coffee oil per kg body weight for 4 weeks in a placebo-controlled trial (n = 12-I 6 per group) [3] Cebus monkeys (n = 16) ingested 0 I 8 g per kg body weight of either placebo or coffee oil in a cross-over study of 2 x 7 5 weeks, and Rhesus monkeys (n = 6) 0 20 g per kg body weight of either placebo or coffee oil in a cross-over study of 2 x 6 weeks [29] Could the hyperlipidaemic effects of coffee diterpenes be secondary to their effect on the liver? We found no Consistent effects on Serum bilirubin levels and alkaline phosphatase activities, which appears to exclude cholestasis.…”

Section: Effect Of Coffee Oil Prepared By Hexane Extraction Of Spent mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake levels, sites of action and excretion routes of the cholesterol-elevating diterpenes from coffee beans in humans

Urgert

Kosmeijer-Schuil

Katan

1996

Biochemical Society Transactions

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“…5 The availability of an animal model to study this hypothesis in vivo would be of great value, since it may help us to validate our in vitro experiments and eventually to discover the metabolic control points of cafestol. However, in previous studies, various animal models like hamsters 6 -8 ; rats 6,9 ; gerbils 8 ; and Cebus, Rhesus, and African green monkeys 10 did not respond to cafestol and kahweol as humans do, regardless of the dosage, the mode of administration, or the duration of treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Cafestol Increases Serum Cholesterol Levels in Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden Transgenic Mice by Suppression of Bile Acid Synthesis

Post¹,

Roos²,

Vermeulen³

et al. 2000

ATVB

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Abstract-Cafestol, a diterpene present in unfiltered coffee, potently increases serum cholesterol levels in humans. So far, no suitable animal model has been found to study the biochemical background of this effect. We determined the effect of cafestol on serum cholesterol and triglycerides in different mouse strains and subsequently studied its mechanism of action in apolipoprotein (apo) E*3-Leiden transgenic mice. ApoE*3-Leiden, heterozygous low density lipoproteinreceptor (LDLRϩ/Ϫ) knockout, or wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-(0.05% wt/wt) or a low-(0.01% wt/wt) cafestol diet or a placebo diet for 8 weeks. Standardized to energy intake, these amounts are equal to 40, 8, or 0 cups of unfiltered coffee per 10 MJ per day in humans. In apoE*3-Leiden mice, serum cholesterol was statistically significantly increased by 33% on the low-and by 61% on the high-cafestol diet. In LDLRϩ/Ϫ and WT mice, the increases were 20% and 24%, respectively, on the low-cafestol diet and 55% and 46%, respectively, on the high-cafestol diet. These increases were mainly due to a rise in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol in all 3 mouse strains. To investigate the mechanism of this effect, apoE*3-Leiden mice were fed a high-cafestol or a placebo diet for 3 weeks. Cafestol suppressed enzyme activity and mRNA levels of cholesterol 7␣-hydroxylase by 57% and 58%, respectively. mRNA levels of enzymes involved in the alternate pathway of bile acid synthesis, ie, sterol 27-hydroxylase and oxysterol 7␣-hydroxylase, were reduced by 32% and 48%, respectively. The total fecal bile acid output was decreased by 41%. Cafestol did not affect hepatic free and esterified cholesterol, but it decreased LDLR mRNA levels by 37%. The VLDL apoB and triglyceride production rates, as measured after Triton injection, were 2-fold decreased by cafestol, indicating that the number of particles secreted had declined and that there was no change in the amount of triglycerides present in the VLDL particle during cafestol treatment. However, the VLDL particles contained a 4-times higher amount of cholesteryl esters, resulting in a net 2-fold increased secretion of cholesteryl esters. The decrease in triglyceride production was the result of a reduction in hepatic triglyceride content by 52%. In conclusion, cafestol increases serum cholesterol levels in apoE*3-Leiden mice by suppression of the major regulatory enzymes in the bile acid synthesis pathways, leading to decreased LDLR mRNA levels and increased secretion of hepatic cholesterol esters. We suggest that suppression of bile acid synthesis may provide an explanation for the cholesterol-raising effect of cafestol in humans. Key Words: bile acid synthesis Ⅲ cholesterol 7␣-hydroxylase Ⅲ sterol 27-hydroxylase Ⅲ apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden mice Ⅲ cafestol U nfiltered coffee markedly increases serum cholesterol levels in humans. The compounds responsible for this effect are cafestol and kahweol, 2 diterpenes that are present in coffee beans. 1 From our experimen...

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Coffee Oil Consumption Does Not Affect Serum Cholesterol in Rhesus and Cebus Monkeys

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Validity of animal models for the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee diterpenes in human subjects

Validity of animal models for the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee diterpenes in human subjects

Intake levels, sites of action and excretion routes of the cholesterol-elevating diterpenes from coffee beans in humans

Cafestol Increases Serum Cholesterol Levels in Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden Transgenic Mice by Suppression of Bile Acid Synthesis

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