Coffee Land Cover Change and Temperature Analyses: A Study Case in São Paulo State

Abstract

<p>In this research, we combine data analyses with hotspots method to identify the spatio-temporal trend of São Paulo’s coffee cultivation area. Our hypothesis is that coffee cultivation area has been changing significantly in the study area since 1990. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to map the spatial pattern of coffee land use change. For coffee land use diagnostics, official data of cultivated area, hotspot analyses and growth rate were used. The results demonstrated that coffee cultivation area decreased and concentrated in smaller areas, which are traditionally recognized as “coffee quality regions”. The producer size analyses evidenced that, not only the localization, but also the producer profile changes as well. Smallholders increased but medium and large producers decreased significantly in the studied period. The coffee abandonment analyses demonstrated that, over the study period, 51.46% of the coffee area cultivated in the study region was abandoned. </p>

Change analyses of coffee soil cover in the State of Paraná

“…This corroborates with Castro et al (2021), which also noted the same concentration. The same was obtained by Coltri et al (2019), which, in the State of Sao Paulo, observed that coffee areas are concentrated in region producing specific coffees, such as "Alta and Média Mogiana" (in English: "High and Low Mogiana").…”

“…Other works add the difficulty of crop recovery after the 1975 frost (Robusti et al, 2017) and the fall in export volume during the economic crisis of (Pereira et al, 2011 as justifications for such change. Likewise, Coltri et al (2019) noted that, in the State of Sao Paulo, between 1990 and 2013, coffee behaved similarly, with municipalities that completely abandoned the coffee crop, as well as a large decrease of planted area in the remaining municipalities. On the other hand, in the State of Minas Gerais, in the region of Triângulo Mineiro and the Alto Paraíba, Moreira et al (2015), noted that between the years of 2008 and 2014, the coffee area had an increase of 23.5% in the mesoregion as a whole.…”

“…In Nicaragua, large properties located at low altitudes replaced coffee areas with pastures, fruit, and rubber trees, while medium-sized properties exchanged coffee for corn, bananas and other crops (Haggar et al, 2013). As for Brazil, in the State of Sao Paulo, between 1990 and 2013, there was a great abandonment of coffee production (Coltri et al, 2019). In this context of crop substitutions, sugarcane, the third most produced crop on the planet (FAO, 2021), has gained prominence, as a major substitute for other agricultural productions (Ronquim & Fonseca, 2018).…”