2021
DOI: 10.3390/plants10061257
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Coffee Disease Visualization and Classification

Abstract: Deep learning architectures are widely used in state-of-the-art image classification tasks. Deep learning has enhanced the ability to automatically detect and classify plant diseases. However, in practice, disease classification problems are treated as black-box methods. Thus, it is difficult to trust the model that it truly identifies the region of the disease in the image; it may simply use unrelated surroundings for classification. Visualization techniques can help determine important areas for the model by… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…GradCAM, a heatmap-based feature attribution method, was used to explain the model [ 22 ]. In contrast to CAM, GradCAM does not require modification of the network structure and has been validated in the literature on DL for assigning feature importance to different areas of images [ 17 , 23 ]. By extracting features in areas corresponding to human interpretation, this method rapidly confirmed whether the models constructed herein were behaving as expected.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…GradCAM, a heatmap-based feature attribution method, was used to explain the model [ 22 ]. In contrast to CAM, GradCAM does not require modification of the network structure and has been validated in the literature on DL for assigning feature importance to different areas of images [ 17 , 23 ]. By extracting features in areas corresponding to human interpretation, this method rapidly confirmed whether the models constructed herein were behaving as expected.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The AI and ML algorithms have been successfully applied in a wide range of agroenvironmental areas, including: plant-based [124,[129][130][131][132][133], pedological [134][135][136][137], and salinity-based [116,120,138] studies (Table 2). However, as soil salinization is commonly a highly complex and nonlinear variable [12], the data processed by AI and ML techniques could result in better outcomes vs. classical statistical methods in soil salinity classification and prediction.…”
Section: Exploration Of Salinization Processes By Artificial Intellig...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The AI and ML algorithms have been successfully applied in a wide range of agro-environmental areas, including: plant-based [ 124 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 ], pedological [ 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ], and salinity-based [ 116 , 120 , 138 ] studies ( Table 2 ).…”
Section: Exploration Of Salinization Processes By Artificial Intellig...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The remaining 5% is produced by larger estates, and coffee plantations larger than 50 ha are rare outside Central and South America [5]. For instance, in Ethiopia, coffee is the top export, making between 20-25% of all foreign exchange earnings, and around 15 million people are thought to depend on coffee for their livelihood; more than 80% of coffee growers are peasant farmers [6].…”
Section: Introduction 1coffee As One Of the Most Appealing Beveragesmentioning
confidence: 99%