Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in the ‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’ Project

Abstract

(1) Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) affects over a third of the United States population, and has similar prevalence in Europe. Dietary approaches to prevention are important. Coffee consumption has been inversely associated with mortality and chronic disease; however, its relation to the risk of MetS is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between coffee consumption and incident MetS in the ‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’ cohort. (2) Methods: From the SUN project, we included 10,253 participants initially free of MetS. Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline, and the development of MetS was assessed after 6 years of follow-up. All data were self-reported by participants. MetS was defined according to the Harmonizing Definition. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for incident MetS according to four categories of coffee consumption: <1 cup/month; ≥1 cup/month to <1 cup/day; ≥1 cup/day to <4 cups/day; ≥4 cups/day. (3) Results: 398 participants developed MetS. Coffee consumption of ≥1 to <4 cups/day was associated with significantly lower odds of developing MetS (multivariable adjusted OR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.50–0.99)) as compared to consumption of <1 cup/month. (4) Conclusions: In a Mediterranean cohort, moderate coffee consumption may be associated with a lower risk of MetS.

Moderate or greater daily coffee consumption is associated with lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese militaries: results from the CHIEF cohort study

“…While previous prospective cohort studies examining the preventive effects of coffee intake on MetS were limited, their findings were inconsistent (6,(10)(11)(12)(13). Most of the previous cohort studies failed to establish a significant connection between coffee consumption and the development of MetS (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

“…of typical hot-brewed or reconstituted instant coffee daily is associated with a reduced risk of various illnesses, including diabetes, CVD, and specific metabolic abnormalities like obesity and hypertension (8,9). However, previous research on the relationship between coffee consumption and the presence of MetS showed conflicting results (6,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). One significant limitation in many of these studies has been the absence of information about physical activity (PA), a crucial factor that can profoundly influence metabolic health.…”

“…Individuals with MetS face a twofold increased risk of CVD over 5–10 years and a fivefold or greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes over their lifetime ( 1 ). Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize preventive measures ( 1 , 6 ).…”

Added sugar in coffee beverages: A study with a sample of Brazilian consumers of sweetened and unsweetened coffee

“…Coffee is a widely consumed beverage rich in bioactive compounds with positive impacts on health, including the reduction of incidence of Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity (Carneiro et al, 2021; Corbi‐Cobo‐Losey et al, 2023; Safe et al, 2023). In a large prospective study, Liu et al (2022) found that coffee consumption reduced the risk of death from various causes.…”

Association of Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score and Macronutrient Quality Index with Metabolic Syndrome

“…Some studies have suggested a potential protective effect of coffee consumption against metabolic syndrome. Coffee is rich in antioxidants and compounds that may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce in ammation (19,20). Whole-grain cereals, especially those high in ber, can be bene cial for metabolic health.…”