Coffee consumption and plasma biomarkers of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in US health professionals

Abstract

Background Coffee consumption has been linked to lower risk of various health outcomes. However, the biological pathways mediating the associations remain poorly understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the association between coffee consumption and concentrations of plasma biomarkers in key metabolic and inflammatory pathways underlying common chronic diseases. Methods We investigated the associations of total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption with 14 plasma biomarkers, including C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 1, IGFBP-3, estrone, total and free estradiol, total and free testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), total adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR-2). Data were derived from 2 cohorts of 15,551 women (Nurses’ Health Study) and 7397 men (Health Professionals Follow-Up Study), who provided detailed dietary data before blood draw and were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at the time of blood draw. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate the percentage difference of biomarker concentrations comparing coffee drinkers with nondrinkers, after adjusting for a variety of demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Results Compared with nondrinkers, participants who drank ≥4 cups of total coffee/d had lower concentrations of C-peptide (−8.7%), IGFBP-3 (−2.2%), estrone (−6.4%), total estradiol (−5.7%), free estradiol (−8.1%), leptin (−6.4%), CRP (−16.6%), IL-6 (−8.1%), and sTNFR-2 (−5.8%) and higher concentrations of SHBG (5.0%), total testosterone (7.3% in women and 5.3% in men), total adiponectin (9.3%), and HMW adiponectin (17.2%). The results were largely similar for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Conclusion Our data indicate that coffee consumption is associated with favorable profiles of numerous biomarkers in key metabolic and inflammatory pathways. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03419455.

Plasma sex hormones and risk of conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women

“…The current study initially included 8055 NHSI and 4574 NHSII women with available sex hormone data (i.e., estrone, estradiol, testosterone, and SHGB) predominately from previous nested case-control studies of various outcomes conducted between 1997 and 2014 [ 30 ]. We excluded premenopausal women and those whose biomarker data were considered as outliers by the generalized extreme studentized deviate many-outlier approach [ 31 ] and who had a history of cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer), colorectal polyp, or inflammatory bowel disease at the time of blood draw, or had no lower gastrointestinal endoscopy after blood donation (Additional file 1 : Figure S1 and Table S1).…”

“…Laboratory personnel were blinded to quality control, case-control status, or any other participant information. The median intra-assay coefficient of variation from quality control samples ranged from 6.8 to 12.0% for the studied biomarkers [ 30 ]. To control for variations across batches, we recalibrated hormone concentrations within each cohort to the value of an “average batch” using the method proposed by Rosner and colleagues [ 32 ].…”

Health Effects of Coffee: Mechanism Unraveled?

“…Cross-sectional studies of the level of circulating immune or inflammatory markers have reported small and not consistent variations in relation to habitual coffee consumption [24,25]. Randomized controlled trials of several weeks of coffee consumption in comparison to a water control were also performed and small reductions of some immune/inflammatory mediator concentrations were found, but the opposite was also reported [26][27][28][29][30].…”

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Combined Effect of Body Weight and Coffee Consumption on Serum Levels of Leptin, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid in Healthy Young Adult Males

“…26 Some studies claimed that caffeine, a major constituent in coffee, has anti-obesity properties through stimulation of sympathetic nervous which leads to increased thermogenesis and fat oxidation and possibly down-regulation of leptin release. 32 However, studies on the effect of CCR on leptin are rare and conflicting, and more investigation is required. 2 Folic acid and vitamin B12 are other examples of endogenous molecules that are essential for many biochemical processes in the human body.…”