Coffee consumption and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Abstract

Although there are several plausible biologic mechanisms whereby coffee consumption might influence the risk of breast cancer, epidemiologic evidence is limited. We assessed the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk among high-risk women who carry BRCA mutations. We performed a matched case-control analysis on 1,690 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation from 40 centers in 4 countries. Average lifetime coffee consumption was estimated via a self-administered questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for potential confounders, the ORs for breast cancer in BRCA carriers who habitually drank 0, 1-3, 4-5 and 6 or more cups of coffee were 1.00, 0.90 (95% CI 0.72-1.12), 0.75 (95% CI 0.47-1.19) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.13-0.71; p-trend 5 0.02). The effect was limited to the consumption of caffeinated coffee. These results suggest that among women with BRCA gene mutation, coffee consumption is unlikely to be harmful and that high levels of consumption may in fact be related to reduced breast cancer risk. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: BRCA1; BRCA2; breast cancer; coffee; case-control study Coffee is among the most widely consumed beverages in the world and is a major source of dietary caffeine. Over the last 2 decades, coffee and caffeine have been studied with regard to their potential role in breast cancer etiology. A number of animal studies have reported caffeine to both stimulate and to suppress breast tumors, depending upon the species and the phase of administration. 1 Coffee consumption (or caffeine intake) has been directly associated with plasma estradiol, estrone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels, and inversely associated with testosterone. 2,3 Coffee consumption also induces cell differentiation 4 and may inhibit mitosis. 5 These effects suggest that coffee consumption may affect breast cancer risk, but epidemiologic evidence supporting the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk is scant. A decrease in breast cancer risk in women with high levels of coffee consumption has been reported in several studies, 6,7 but other investigators have detected no relationship between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk. 1,8 It has been estimated that the risk of developing breast cancer among women with a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 is as high as 80% by the age of 70. 9 Whether or not coffee affects BRCArelated breast cancer risk is currently unknown. To address this issue, we examined the association between coffee consumption and the risk of breast cancer among women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations from 40 participating centers in 4 countries. Material and methods Study population and designThe study population has been described elsewhere. 10 Briefly, eligible study subjects included women who were currently alive and were known to be carriers of deleterious mutations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. These women were identified from 40 participating clinical cancer geneti...

Coffee, tea, caffeine and risk of breast cancer: A 22‐year follow‐up

“…52 Nkondock et al, reported that women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who consumed at least 6 cups of coffee per day to have a statistically significant reduction in breast cancer risk (OR 5 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.71) compared to BRCA mutation carriers who have never drunk coffee. 53 In conclusion, no substantial association was observed between consumption of caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee and tea and risk of breast cancer for the overall cohort. Higher consumption of caffeine-containing beverages may modestly reduce risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and this relation needs to be examined further.…”

The CYP1A2 Genotype Modifies the Association Between Coffee Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk Among BRCA1 Mutation Carriers

“…Having consumed coffee before age 35 was associated with a 39% reduction in breast cancer risk in this group of genetically susceptible women, consistent with our previous results (1). The current study is based on a subset of women from this earlier study (1). The CYP1A2 genotype alone did not affect breast cancer risk; however, there was an interaction with a history of coffee consumption.…”

Genetic Polymorphism of Metabolic Enzymes P450 (CYP) as a Susceptibility Factor for Drug Response, Toxicity, and Cancer Risk

“…A common A to C polymorphism at position 163 in the CYP1A2 gene has been associated with decreased enzyme inducibility and enzymatic activity, resulting in the slower metabolism of caffeine (79)(80)(81). Some studies reported that among breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) mutation carriers, the consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with a signifi cant reduction in breast cancer risk (82). Another study indicated that CYP1A2 genotype did not affect breast cancer risk.…”