Coffee consumption after myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a prospective analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort

Abstract

Consumption of coffee, one of the most popular beverages around the world, has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in population-based studies. However, little is known about these associations in patient populations. This prospective study aimed to examine the consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with a prior myocardial infarction (MI). We included 4365 Dutch patients from the Alpha Omega Cohort who were aged 60-80 y (21% female) and had experienced an MI <10 y before study enrollment. At baseline (2002-2006), dietary data including coffee consumption over the past month was collected with a 203-item validated food-frequency questionnaire. Causes of death were monitored until 1 January 2013. HRs for mortality in categories of coffee consumption were obtained from multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for lifestyle and dietary factors. Most patients (96%) drank coffee, and the median total coffee intake was 375 mL/d (∼3 cups/d). During a median follow-up of 7.1 y, a total of 945 deaths occurred, including 396 CVD-related and 266 IHD-related deaths. Coffee consumption was inversely associated with CVD mortality, with HRs of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.89) for >2-4 cups/d and 0.72 (0.55, 0.95) for >4 cups/d, compared with 0-2 cups/d. Corresponding HRs were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.05) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.95) for IHD mortality and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.00) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.98) for all-cause mortality, respectively. Similar associations were found for decaffeinated coffee and for coffee with additives. Drinking coffee, either caffeinated or decaffeinated, may lower the risk of CVD and IHD mortality in patients with a prior MI. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03192410.

Additive effects of green tea and coffee on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry

“… 13 Conversely, in a Dutch population, the Alpha Omega Study involving 4837 patients with prior myocardial infarction determined that consuming more than four cups/day of coffee increased mortality by 24% in diabetic patients, whereas it decreased mortality by 27% in those without diabetes. 14 In the Nurses’ Health Study (7170 female patients with diabetes), habitual coffee consumption was not found to be associated with increased risk of mortality. 18 The UK Biobank (total n=498 134 participants) failed to identify a significant association between coffee consumption and mortality in diabetic patients.…”

“… 19 The difference may be explained by coffee having harmful effects among patients at higher CVD risk: that is based on findings that higher coffee consumption increased mortality among diabetic patients with previous myocardial infarction. 14 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients are generally at lower CVD risk than developed ones: 20 thus, caffeine may exert less detrimental effects on the vasculature, resulting in enhanced beneficial effects of coffee.…”

“…11 In the general population, there is growing evidence that coffee consumption is associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. [12][13][14][15] However, few epidemiological studies have examined this association in diabetic patients, and the results are controversial. [16][17][18][19] This discrepancy may be due to the presence of diabetic complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), which could be affected by caffeine consumption.…”

Patterns of beverage consumption and risk of CHD among Mexican adults

“…The association between coffee or tea consumption and CHD or lipid profiles is still not well studied, and previous epidemiological study results draw different conclusions (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47) . Previous studies reported that coffee or tea consumption is inversely associated with CHD or serum lipids (40,41) .…”

Caffeine Consumption and Mortality in Diabetes: An Analysis of NHANES 1999–2010

“…Although caffeine consumption appears to be associated with a decreased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, it is unclear if its protective effect persists in people with established diabetes. In a prospective study including 4,365 patients with a prior myocardial infarction, drinking coffee was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular mortality and ischemic heart disease mortality ( 9 ). In this study, significant inverse associations were reported in patients without diabetes, whereas the associations were weak and non-significant in the smaller group with diabetes.…”