“…Zinc atoms fully occupy d orbitals, exhibiting no signs. Thus, the signs suggest a mixture of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ valence states, with g values ranging from ~0.185 to ~0.214 [ 33 ]. These results agree with cyclic voltammetry.…”
A ratiometric electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with quinazoline-engineered ZnFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA-qnz) was developed for the determination of herbicide butralin. The PBA-qnz was synthesized by mixing an excess aqueous solution of zinc chloride with an aqueous solution of precursor sodium pentacyanido(quinazoline)ferrate. The PBA-qnz was characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The stable signal of PBA-qnz at +0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl, referring to the reduction of iron ions, was used as an internal reference for the ratiometric sensor, which minimized deviations among multiple assays and improved the precision of the method. Furthermore, the PBA-qnz-based sensor provided higher current responses for butralin compared to the bare carbon paste electrode. The calibration plot for butralin was obtained by square wave voltammetry in the range of 0.5 to 30.0 µmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.17 µmol L−1. The ratiometric sensor showed excellent precision and accuracy and was applied to determine butralin in lettuce and potato samples.
“…Zinc atoms fully occupy d orbitals, exhibiting no signs. Thus, the signs suggest a mixture of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ valence states, with g values ranging from ~0.185 to ~0.214 [ 33 ]. These results agree with cyclic voltammetry.…”
A ratiometric electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with quinazoline-engineered ZnFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA-qnz) was developed for the determination of herbicide butralin. The PBA-qnz was synthesized by mixing an excess aqueous solution of zinc chloride with an aqueous solution of precursor sodium pentacyanido(quinazoline)ferrate. The PBA-qnz was characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The stable signal of PBA-qnz at +0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl, referring to the reduction of iron ions, was used as an internal reference for the ratiometric sensor, which minimized deviations among multiple assays and improved the precision of the method. Furthermore, the PBA-qnz-based sensor provided higher current responses for butralin compared to the bare carbon paste electrode. The calibration plot for butralin was obtained by square wave voltammetry in the range of 0.5 to 30.0 µmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.17 µmol L−1. The ratiometric sensor showed excellent precision and accuracy and was applied to determine butralin in lettuce and potato samples.
“…[34] The boosted amplitude of O 2 evolution rate for CoÀ Co PBA@BiVO 4 -10 compared to that of pure BiVO 4 is pretty high among those of reported BiVO 4 based PEC or photocatalytic Chemistry-A European Journal systems for water oxidation (Table S1 and S2). [25][26][27][28][29][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] O 2 production kinetic curve of CoÀ Co PBA@BiVO 4 -10 sample during 4 h displays that O 2 evolution amount always increases but rate gradually slows down (Figure 4c), which may be caused by the change of pH and decreased concentration of NaIO 3 . As for pure BiVO 4 , the degree of the change in pH and concentration of NaIO 3 is smaller than those of the CoÀ Co PBA@BiVO 4 -10 sample due to the low photocatalytic activity, so the O 2 evolution rate has not changed too much.…”
Section: Photocatalytic Water Oxidation Performancesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, the PBAs have been also often applied in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation for boosting the stability and photocurrent BiVO 4 . [25][26][27][28][29] Hence the integration of the aforementioned considerations about semiconductor light-harvesting materials BiVO 4 and PBAs may help in developing new high-efficiency composite photocatalysts for water oxidation. Herein, the PBAs@BiVO 4 photocatalysts were rationally designed and fabricated for effective visible-light driven water oxidation reaction, where six M II -Co III PBAs samples (MnÀ Co, FeÀ Co, CoÀ Co, NiÀ Co, CuÀ Co and ZnÀ Co PBAs) were synthesized and deposited on the surface of BiVO 4 by the self-assembly strategy.…”
The efficiency of photocatalytic overall water splitting reactions is usually limited by the high energy barrier and complex multiple electron‐transfer processes of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Although bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) as the photocatalyst has been developed for enhancing the kinetics of the water oxidation reaction, it still suffers from challenges of fast recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and poor photocatalytic activity. Herein, six MII‐CoIII Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) cocatalysts are synthesized and deposited on the surface of BiVO4 for boosting the surface catalytic efficiency and enhancing photogenerated carries separation efficiency of BiVO4. Six MII‐CoIII PBAs@BiVO4 photocatalysts all demonstrate increased photocatalytic water oxidation performance compared to that of BiVO4 alone. Among them, the Co−Co PBA@BiVO4 photocatalyst is employed as a representative research object and is thoroughly characterized by electrochemistry, electronic microscope as well as multiple spectroscopic analyses. Notably, BiVO4 coupling with Co−Co PBA cocatalyst could capture more photons than that of pure BiVO4, facilitating the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers between BiVO4 and Co−Co PBA as well as the surface catalytic efficiency of BiVO4. Overall, this work would promote the synthesis strategy development for exploring new types of composite photocatalysts for water oxidation.
“…26 Similarly, Li et al reported that CoFe PB acts as a hole storage layer on BiVO 4 photoanode and accelerates charge transfer through the interface. 27 Despite the growing number of efforts on improving the activity of BiVO 4 with Co-based PBs, the effect of a second metal ion on the activity of Co-based PB layers has not been investigated yet. Furthermore, partial substitution of semiprecious cobalt ions with relatively nontoxic, abundant, and low-cost 3d metal ions could pave the way for the development of low-cost PB-based photoanodes.…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moss and co-workers showed that an irreversible charge transfer from CoFe PB to BiVO 4 occurs, resulting in a hole accumulation in the CoFe PB layer and retardation of charge recombination . Similarly, Li et al reported that CoFe PB acts as a hole storage layer on BiVO 4 photoanode and accelerates charge transfer through the interface . Despite the growing number of efforts on improving the activity of BiVO 4 with Co-based PBs, the effect of a second metal ion on the activity of Co-based PB layers has not been investigated yet.…”
The utilization of cocatalysts on the photoelectrode surface is a feasible strategy to achieve a high photocurrent density in the photoelectrochemical water oxidation process. The catalysts can enhance the activity by improving the reaction kinetics, retarding charge carrier recombination, or accumulating charge carriers. In this work, we have utilized a CuFe−CoFe Prussian blue (PB) catalyst layer on the BiVO 4 photoanode surface to enhance its water oxidation activity. The hybrid catalyst, in which the semiprecious cobalt ions are partially substituted with earthabundant copper ions, exhibits 56% higher photocurrent density than the CoFe PB-modified BiVO 4 . We show that photogenerated hole accumulation is present in the CuFe PB layer, which results in higher charge extraction from the BiVO 4 surface. The CoFe PB layer on top of the CuFe one facilitates the charge transfer due to its catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
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