Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand

Phumanee, Worrapan; Steinmetz, Robert; Phoonjampa, Rungnapa; Bejraburnin, Thawatchai; Bhumpakphan, Naris; Savini, Tommaso

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01930

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The result of less human disturbance and good prey abundance in the HKK also supports the abundance of main predators such as the tiger, leopard, jackal, and dhole species, and could be the reason why these carnivores were more abundant there than in TYNE. The previous studies elsewhere also indicated that the areas with high prey abundance and less disturbance are highly suitable for these large predators and have potential for the long-term viability of these large mammals [ 23 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Camera-Trap Survey of Mammals in Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Thailand

Vinitpornsawan

Fuller

2023

Animals

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The Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary (TYNE), in the core area of the Western Forest Complex of Thailand, harbors a diverse assemblage of wildlife, and the region has become globally significant for mammal conservation. From April 2010 to January 2012, 106 camera traps were set, and, in 1817 trap-nights, registered 1821 independent records of 32 mammal species. Of the 17 IUCN-listed (from Near Threatened to Critically Endangered) mammal species recorded, 5 species listed as endangered or critically endangered included the Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), tiger (Panthera tigris), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), dhole (Cuon alpinus), and Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica). The northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis), large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha), Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyuran), and sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) were the most frequently recorded species (10–22 photos/100 trap-nights), representing 62% of all independent records, while the golden jackal (Canis aureus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata), and Sunda pangolin were the least photographed (<0.1/100 trap-nights). Species accumulation curves indicated that the number of camera trap locations needed to record 90% of taxa recorded varied from 26 sites for herbivores to 67 sites for all mammals. TYNE holds a rich community of mammals, but some differences in photo-rates from an adjacent sanctuary and comparisons with other research on local mammals suggest that some species are rare and some are missed because of the limitations of our technique. We also conclude that the management and conservation plan, which involves the exclusion of human activities from some protected areas and strict protection efforts in the sanctuaries, is still suitable for providing key habitats for endangered wildlife populations, and that augmented and regular survey efforts will help in this endeavor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Camera-Trap Survey of Mammals in Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Thailand

Vinitpornsawan

Fuller

2023

Animals

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“…The current results were consistent with those of Paansri et al (2022) and confirmed that the dry evergreen forest at Mun Sam Ngam is a suitable habitat for the large prey mammals of tigers. These results will inform future wildlife In future plans to restore the populations of large prey mammal species of tiger, research is increasingly identifying prey availability as a significant limitation to tiger recovery across its range in Thailand; tiger prey populations augmentation is seen as an important catalyst that may accelerate recovery (Jornburom et al, 2020;Phoonjampa et al, 2021;Phumanee et al, 2021). Therefore, the Mun Sam Ngam area could be used as a model for other areas of dry evergreen forest, because this habitat has a high abundance of the large prey mammal species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling forage nutrition and spatial patterns of large prey mammals of tigers in Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex, Thailand

2022

ANRES

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Importance of the work: Forage seedlings as alternative food resources based on their nutrition are important for large prey mammals of tigers, instead of grasses. Objectives: To examine the nutritional value of predicted potential habitat area based on forage seedling species. Materials & Methods: Field data of seedlings were collected from 150 sampling points (1,822 sub-plots) during August 2019-March 2021, focusing on gaur (Bos gaurus) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) because they are the large prey mammals (> 100 kg) of tigers in Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest. Results: In total, 13 species of seedlings were identified that were forage for the large prey mammals of tigers. Applying an electivity index to the large prey mammals of tigers showed that Irvingia malayana and Micromelum minutum had an exclusive electivity index. The Mun Sam Ngam area had the maximum potential for the effective management of forage seedlings. Main finding: The prediction of potential of habitat for most selected seedling species could be very useful for habitat improvement and population augmentation of gaur and sambar deer.

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“…Carnivores at higher trophic levels directly affect each other through exploitative and interference competition, which further influences the structure of lower trophic levels (Carter et al 2015). Exploitative competition is ubiquitous for sympatric carnivores, as they have to share limited prey resources in most anthropogenically modified landscapes (Phumanee et al 2021). Interference competition occurs when a dominant species aggressively reduces the abundance of a subordinate species (Harihar et al 2011) and has been widely reported among many mammalian carnivore guilds (Kafley et al 2019;Lamichhane et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

Shi

et al. 2023

Integr. Zool.

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Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore declines. Although studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (P. pardus) span decades, there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale, as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference competition. We gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models; we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and leopards. Elevation and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence mechanisms. Tigers and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial niche. In addition, they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey‐rich regions. We determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation structures. Meanwhile, studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference competition. Our study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad scale. Policy‐makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation, prey abundance, and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

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Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

A Camera-Trap Survey of Mammals in Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Thailand

A Camera-Trap Survey of Mammals in Thung Yai Naresuan (East) Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Thailand

Seedling forage nutrition and spatial patterns of large prey mammals of tigers in Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex, Thailand

Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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