Coexistence of cognitive impairment and depression in geriatric outpatients

Reifler, Burton V.; Larson, Eric B.; Hanley, Ray

doi:10.1176/ajp.139.5.623

Cited by 328 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Factors associated with cognitive impairment and depression have been separately studied by many investigators for decades. However, studies of the factors associated with comorbidity of cognitive impairment and depression are rare, although considerable overlap is evident between the two conditions [3] - [5] . Each condition exacerbates the other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment, Depression, Comorbidity of the Two and Associated Factors among the Early Sixties in a Rural Korean Community

Park

Jun

2013

PLoS ONE

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This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment, depression, and comorbidity of the two conditions and related factors in subjects aged in early 60s. This cross-sectional study included 3,174 inhabitants aged 60–64 years old in a rural area of Korea. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K), and depression was measured using the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment (MMSE-K≤24) was 17.4%, that of depression was 26.0% (GDS-15≥8), and the co-morbidity was 7.1%. Female gender, living with one housemate, and high GDS-15 score were significantly associated with increased cognitive impairment. Employment status and more years of schooling were associated with a decreased probability of cognitive impairment. Increased depression was significantly associated with bereavement and receiving benefits from the Medical Aid Program. Employed status, more years of schooling, and higher MMSE-K scores were significantly associated with decreased depression. The risk of comorbidity was associated with bereavement and receipt of Medical Aid benefits (odds ratio[OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval[CI], 1.26–2.71; OR, 5.02; 95% CI, 2.37–10.63; respectively). Employment and more years of schooling were associated with a lower risk of comorbidity (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.34–0.62, P-trend <0.01). The correlated factors for cognitive impairment, depression, and comorbidity of the two conditions were similar, and employment status and years of schooling were associated with all three conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment, Depression, Comorbidity of the Two and Associated Factors among the Early Sixties in a Rural Korean Community

Park

Jun

2013

PLoS ONE

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“…A correlation is known to exist between cognitive function and depression 22-24. Depression, therefore, might be associated with a deterioration of cognitive function 25-27. So depression may have a negative effect on cognitive function and on the ability to perform the functions required for daily life in patients with AD 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Elderly Korean with Dementia

Lee

Shin²,

You³

et al. 2009

Psychiatry Investig

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ObjectiveThe primary purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level between elderly Korean people over 65 years with and without dementia.Methods171 individuals over 65 years were enrolled in this study. Screening for cognitive impairments was carried out using the Mini-Mental Status Examination-Korean version (MMSE-KC). One hundred thirty-two subjects scored below 1.5 standard deviations (SD) of the mean MMSE-KC score, and these were evaluated using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, Korean version (CERAD-K) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDRS) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria were used for further evaluation. Subjects with a CDRS score of 1 or higher were classified as having Alzheimer's disease (AD), and subjects with a CDRS score of 0.5 were classified as having a mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Subjects with a CDRS score of 0 were classified as having aging-associated cognitive decline (AACD). Serum BDNF levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.ResultsThe serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in the subjects with MCI and AD compared with the healthy controls (p<0.01). A significant correlation was found between the total MMSE-KC score and serum BDNF level (r=0.295; p<0.01). However, no significant correlation was observed between the severity of MMSE-KC and the total GDS score. A significant difference was found in the total score of GDS between the AACD group and subjects with AD (p<0.05).ConclusionThis study suggested that BDNF might be involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive decline in elderly people.

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“…The influence of depression on cognition is particularly relevant in the context of older adults. Not only does depression itself potentially impair cognition (Golinkoff & Sweeney, 1989), but the two frequently coexist in geriatric patients (Reifler, Larson, & Hanley, 1982). Thus, it is currently unclear to what extent SM complaints may actually primarily reflect underlying individual differences in affect and mood rather than cognitive changes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association between subjective memory assessment and associative memory performance: Role of ad risk factors.

Horn¹,

Kennedy²,

Rodrigue³

2018

Psychology and Aging

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Decline in associative memory abilities is a common cognitive complaint among older adults and is detectable in both normal aging and in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subjective memory (SM) complaints may serve as an earlier marker of these mnemonic changes; however, previous research examining the predictive utility of SM to observed memory performance yielded inconsistent results. This inconsistency is likely due to other sources of variance that occur with memory decline such as mood/depression issues, presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE ε4) genotype, or beta-amyloid deposition. Here we examine the relationship between SM and associative memory ability in the context of factors that increase susceptibility to AD in 195 healthy adults (79 men) aged 20-94 years. Participants completed an SM questionnaire, a mood/depression scale, two associative memory tests (a word-pair and a name-face test), and were genotyped for APOE ε4. PET-amyloid imaging data were collected for a subset of those over 50 years of age (N = 74). We found that SM predicted performance on both associative memory tests even after covarying for age, sex, mood, and APOE ε4 status. Interestingly, for the name-face associative task, increased SM concerns predicted memory performance selectively in participants over the age of 60, with the APOEε4 risk group showing the strongest effect. Finally, men with higher beta-amyloid deposition reported more memory complaints. Our findings suggest that SM reliably tracks memory performance, even in cognitively healthy adults, and may reflect an increased risk for AD. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Coexistence of cognitive impairment and depression in geriatric outpatients

Cited by 328 publications

References 11 publications

Cognitive Impairment, Depression, Comorbidity of the Two and Associated Factors among the Early Sixties in a Rural Korean Community

Cognitive Impairment, Depression, Comorbidity of the Two and Associated Factors among the Early Sixties in a Rural Korean Community

Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Elderly Korean with Dementia

Association between subjective memory assessment and associative memory performance: Role of ad risk factors.

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