Coevolution between Terraced Landscapes and Rural Communities: An Integrated Approach Using Expert-Based Assessment and Evaluation of Winegrowers’ Perceptions (Northwest Piedmont, Italy)

Abstract

Terraced landscapes are characterized by many features but are also threatened by abandonment, with the loss of the historical landscape and increased hydrogeological risk. In this research, we developed an innovative integrated approach using expert-based assessment and evaluation of winegrowers’ perceptions to investigate the coevolution between terraced landscapes and rural communities. The aims were as follows: (i) to identify the historical landscape elements, (ii) to identify the landscape dynamics, and (iii) to analyze winegrowers’ perceptions about the historical landscape elements and future development prospects. The methodology was applied to a terraced vineyard landscape (545 ha) located in Piedmont (Italy). The expert-based assessment included historical analyses and field surveys. To evaluate winegrowers’ perceptions, an online questionnaire was used to understand their perceptions about the landscape’s historical elements and dynamics. The results suggest that unique historical landscape elements and traditional practices (vine pergolas supported by stone columns) are conserved in the area, but also highlight some dynamics, including new vine-breeding techniques (espaliers) and new land uses (olive groves, meadows, and woodland). Winegrowers (n = 49) recognized as identity elements the same identified as historical by experts. Regarding future prospects, almost all winegrowers preferred the conservation of vineyards and pergolas. The research methodology was able to show the mutual link between terraced landscapes and rural communities in coevolutionary terms and could be replicated in similar contexts. According to the winegrowers’ awareness, future planning strategies will have to support dynamic conservation of the landscape.

Landscape Strategies for Terraced Landscapes in the European Alpine Region Using a Mixed-Method Analysis Tool

“…Terkenli et al [67] reported that in Valtellina, which is one of the study areas considered in our research, this strategy's link to tourism is considered a priority. Finally, according to Pomatto et al [19], in order to facilitate the dissemination of knowledge about these landscapes outside the systems, it is important to participate in enhancement programs at the supralocal level, both national programs (e.g., National Register of Historical Rural Landscapes for Italy) and international ones (e.g., Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems-program of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Finally, the growing demand for experiential tourism needs to be supported at the supralocal level with specific funds and projects.…”

“…According to Gkoltsiou and Mougiakou [18], to ensure the sustainability of terraced landscapes, it is essential to support territorial management choices that apply qualitative assessment tools and involve local stakeholders. Pomatto et al [19] highlighted the importance of the involvement of rural communities in defining landscape strategies for the enhancement of terraced landscapes.…”

Assessing current use and visions for sacral complexes in a landscape: An example from Central Europe

“…Mainly statues of saint protectors and patronswere displayed. They were often related to the three basic pillars of the country's economy and prosperity -craft production, trade, and agriculture (Eliade 2006;Gullino et al 2015;Zheng et al 2018;Pomatto et al 2022). Since the time of the first farmers, the spiritual connection of man with the land is palpable.…”