Coenzyme Q10 and its Effective Sources

Abstract

Coenzyme Q10 (2,3-dimethoxy, 5-methyl, 6-decaprenyl benzoquinone, CoQ10) is naturally present in many organisms. It has key roles in several biochemical pathways. CoQ10, as an electron and proton carrier for energy coupling leads to Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) formation. Furthermore, in medicine, the pharmacological use of CoQ10 has attracted more attention due to its benefits in treating cardiovascular and degenerative neurologic diseases. CoQ10 can be produced by chemical synthesis, extraction from biological tissues and microbial fermentation. It is found in plants such as soya bean, peanut, palm oil and litchi pericarp and in animals such as pelagic fish, beef and pork hearts. Various analytical methods have been published for the extraction and analysis of CoQ10 from different matrices. Biological production of CoQ10 offers an environmentally benign option based on the enzymatic catalysis at the cellular level. Moreover, this process due to ease of control and low production costs offers more advantages over the existing technologies.

Improving the anti-ageing activity of coenzyme Q10 through protransfersome-loaded emulgel

“…Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is one of the natural compounds often employed as an antioxidant, which plays a key role in stabilizing plasma and other intracellular membranes that protect against membrane phospholipid peroxidation 7 . CoQ10 acts by maintaining skin quality against free radicals 3 which have been known to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that produces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as collagenase, thus damaging collagen fibers 8 – 10 . During ageing, the levels of CoQ10 in organs, including the skin, also decrease with the result that it is necessary to supply CoQ10 to achieve normal levels of between 0.50 and 1.65 μg/mL within the body.…”

Effects of COQ10 with vitamin E supplementation on semen quality and seminal plasma parameters of broiler breeder males

“…Sperms motility depends on several factors but the most prominent of them is the concentration of sperms. As for our own results, one can notice a significant improvement in sperms concentration accompanied with a significant drop in both percentages of dead and abnormal sperms in favor of the treatments that included addition of CO Q10 with and without vitamin E. The improvement in individual and mass motility of sperms might attributed to COQ10 enzyme ability to enhance production of ATP from mitochondria, and hence increasing the motility of sperms, and also through its role as per transferring of electrons from complex I and complex II of the respiratory chain to complex III while in the same time transferring the protons out of the inner membrane of the mitochondria (24). Which would use eventually to activate ATPase in complex V to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (25).…”

Coenzyme Q10 supplementation: Efficacy, safety, and formulation challenges

“…Both chemical synthesis and extraction from biological tissues involve the use of organic solvents and chemicals, leading to the production of waste, which nowadays is trying to be avoided due to environmental concerns. In addition, neither of these two techniques exhibit specificity toward the all‐trans biologically viable isomer of CoQ10, which adds costs due to the extra purification steps needed (Vaghari, Vaghari, Jafarizadeh‐Malmiri, & Berenjian, ). For these reasons, and because the process is inexpensive and easy to control, CoQ10 is mainly produced by microbial biosynthesis, including fungi, bacteria, and yeast.…”