Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Amelioration Effect on Diabetic Kidney Disease Rats Induced by High Fat Diet Feeding Combined with Streptozotocin

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most serious microvascular complication during the development of diabetes with the characterizations of glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, and glomerular sclerosis, eventually leading to end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to investigate the melioration effect of Codonopisis tangshen Oliv. (COD) on the DKD model, which was established by unilateral nephrectomy (UN)-high fat diet feeding (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ). After the DKD rats were oral treated with COD at a dose of 2.7 mg/kg for 4 consecutive weeks, the blood glucose, lipid metabolism, renal function, inflammatory mediators, and fibrosis-associated proteins were examined. In vivo, the COD administration obviously relieved the weight loss, water intake, and blood glucose; decreased the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and improved the renal function by reducing the expression of serum creatinine, uric acid, and urinary protein compared with the model group. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and IL-6 were significantly inhibited by COD. Meanwhile, the deposition of collagen fiber was markedly increased, and the protein and mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin were markedly elevated in DKD rats, but they were decreased to some extent after the COD treatment. In conclusion, COD exhibited a protective effect on the UN-HFD feeding combined with STZ-induced DKD model by improving the blood glucose and lipid metabolism, relieving the inflammatory response, and mitigating the renal fibrosis, which provided scientific evidence for its applications in clinic.Graphical Abstract

Hypoglycemic activity of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. in vitro and in vivo and its chemical composition identification by UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS

“…29 The CPN extract has also been reported to have the therapeutic effect on diabetic kidney. 30 In addition, four compounds isolated from CPN have been proved to have yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro . However, there has not been any study to comprehensively evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of CPN in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting α-glucosidase and confirm the chemical ingredients of active site of CPN by using UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS.…”