Coding of coronary arterial origin and branching in congenital heart disease: The modified Leiden Convention

Groot, Adriana C. Gittenberger‐de; Koenraadt, Wilke M C; Bartelings, Margot M.; Bökenkamp, Regina; DeRuiter, Marco C.; Hazekamp, Mark G.; Bogers, Ad J.J.C.; Quaegebeur, Jan M.; Schalij, Martin J.; Vliegen, Hubert W.; Poelmann, Robert E.; Jongbloed, Monique R.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.08.009

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The usual three-leaflet semilunar valve configuration in mammals and birds consists of two sets: one in the aorta and one in the pulmonary trunk. 117 As a congenital malformation in humans, bicuspid valves are quite common (see also "Evo-devo aspects of congenital malformations"). Reptiles nearly always present with bicuspid semilunar valves in all three major arteries, two persisting aortas.…”

Section: Semilunar Valves and The Oftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…67 It is noteworthy that also in these events of cardiogenesis, asymmetric development is apparent, although the main leaflets of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves originate from the same two OFT endocardial cushions. Only the so-called nonfacing leaflets 117,133 may have a different contribution of NCCs. Indeed, aortic bicuspidy in humans is far more common than pulmonary bicuspidy, as is also supported by studying a hamster strain.…”

Section: The Oft Endocardial Cushionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and evolution of the metazoan heart

Poelmann

Groot

2019

Developmental Dynamics

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The mechanisms of the evolution and development of the heart in metazoans are highlighted, starting with the evolutionary origin of the contractile cell, supposedly the precursor of cardiomyocytes. The last eukaryotic common ancestor is likely a combination of several cellular organisms containing their specific metabolic pathways and genetic signaling networks. During evolution, these tool kits diversified. Shared parts of these conserved tool kits act in the development and functioning of pumping hearts and open or closed circulations in such diverse species as arthropods, mollusks, and chordates. The genetic tool kits became more complex by gene duplications, addition of epigenetic modifications, influence of environmental factors, incorporation of viral genomes, cardiac changes necessitated by air‐breathing, and many others. We evaluate mechanisms involved in mollusks in the formation of three separate hearts and in arthropods in the formation of a tubular heart. A tubular heart is also present in embryonic stages of chordates, providing the septated four‐chambered heart, in birds and mammals passing through stages with first and second heart fields. The four‐chambered heart permits the formation of high‐pressure systemic and low‐pressure pulmonary circulation in birds and mammals, allowing for high metabolic rates and maintenance of body temperature. Crocodiles also have a (nearly) separated circulation, but their resting temperature conforms with the environment. We argue that endothermic ancestors lost the capacity to elevate their body temperature during evolution, resulting in ectothermic modern crocodilians. Finally, a clinically relevant paragraph reviews the occurrence of congenital cardiac malformations in humans as derailments of signaling pathways during embryonic development.

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Section: Semilunar Valves and The Oftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Oft Endocardial Cushionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evolution of the metazoan heart

Poelmann

Groot

2019

Developmental Dynamics

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“…To the best of our knowledge, furthermore, the association of transposition, unobstructed right aortic arch, and BAoV has yet to be reported. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Even if there is nothing in terms of development that would link together the lesions we have described, their unique association, together with the surgical implications, prompted us to report this observation.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] An aortic valve with two leaflets, the most frequent congenital heart defect, with an incidence of 0.5% to 2.0%, 6 is also very rare in the presence of transposition. 7,8 Its presence, nevertheless, can constitute reason for concerns in relationship to the transfer and reimplantation of the coronary arteries at the time of surgery. In the light of these findings, we report here the association of transposition, an unobstructed right aortic arch, and a bicuspid aortic valve (BAoV) in a neonate who underwent an arterial switch operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transposition With Unobstructed Right Aortic Arch and Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Chew

Lim

Yong

et al. 2019

World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg

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In patients with transposition, a right aortic arch has rarely been reported among the associated malformations. When present, the arch has been obstructed because of the presence of aortic coarctation and/or arch hypoplasia. A bicuspid aortic valve is also very rare in the presence of transposition. We report here the unusual association of transposition, an unobstructed right aortic arch, and a bicuspid aortic valve in a neonate who underwent a successful arterial switch operation.

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“…During the past decades, several nomenclatures have been presented to classify the coronary artery anatomy in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). In this issue of the Journal, Gittenberger-de Groot and colleagues 1 have proposed a modified version of the widely used Leiden Convention. The purpose of the modification is to extend the use of Leiden Convention from the TGA setting into the setting of a bicuspid aortic valve and normally related great arteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%