Kenta IIDA† , Student Member and Hitoshi KIYA †a) , Fellow SUMMARY A robust identification scheme for JPEG images is proposed in this paper. The aim is to robustly identify JPEG images that are generated from the same original image, under various compression conditions such as differences in compression ratios and initial quantization matrices. The proposed scheme does not provide any false negative matches in principle. In addition, secure features, which do not have any visual information, are used to achieve not only a robust identification scheme but also secure one. Conventional schemes can not avoid providing false negative matches under some compression conditions, and are required to manage a secret key for secure identification. The proposed scheme is applicable to the uploading process of images on social networks like Twitter for image retrieval and forensics. A number of experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method outperforms conventional ones in terms of query performances, while keeping a reasonable security level. key words: image identification, JPEG, social networks
IntroductionThe growth of popularity of social networks(SNs) like twitter and Facebook have opened new perspectives in many research fields, including the emerging area of Multimedia Forensics. The huge amount of images have been uploaded on social networks, and generally stored in a compressed form as JPEG images, after being re-compressed with different compression parameters from those of uploaded im-This paper proposes a new robust identification scheme for JPEG images that are generated from the same original image, under various compression parameters, aiming at producing evidence on the integrity of images e.g. tamper detection. The proposed scheme allows not only to identify JPEG images under the use of different initial quantization matrices and quality factors but also to provide no visible information.So far, several identification schemes and image hash functions have been developed for compressed images [6]- [20]. They can be broadly classified into two types according to a difference in extracted features: compression method-depended type, to which the proposed scheme corresponds, and compression method-independent type. not only are robust against a difference in compressed ratios but also do not produce false negative matches in various compression ratios, due to the use of the positive and negative signs of DCT coefficients. However, they need to be combined with a security technique with a secret key such as the fuzzy commitment scheme [14]- [16], to securely protect the features which have some visible information. In addition, the security technique is not useful for the robust identification when various initial quantization matrices and quality factors are used.Due to such situations, this paper proposes a robust scheme for identifying images compressed under the various compression parameters. The strategy to robustly identify JPEG images is to ...
