Codelivery of SARS-CoV-2 Prefusion-Spike Protein with CBLB502 by a Dual-Chambered Ferritin Nanocarrier Potentiates Systemic and Mucosal Immunity

Abstract

Thousands of breakthrough infections are confirmed after intramuscular (i.m.) injection of the approved vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Two major factors might contribute to breakthrough infections. One is the emergence of mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the other is that i.m. injection has an inefficient ability to activate mucosal immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Here, we devised a dual-chambered nanocarrier that can codeliver the adjuvant CBLB502 with prefusion-spike (pre-S) onto a ferritin nanoparticle. This vaccine enabled enhanced systemic and local mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Further, codelivery of CBLB502 with pre-S induced a Th1/Th2-balanced immunoglobulin G response. Moreover, the codelivery nanoparticle showed a Th1-biased cellular immune response as the release of splenic INF-γ was significantly heightened while the level of IL-4 was elevated to a moderate extent. In general, the developed dual-chambered nanoparticle can trigger multifaceted immune responses and shows great potential for mucosal vaccine development.

Mucosal SARS-CoV-2 Nanoparticle Vaccine Based on Mucosal Adjuvants and Its Immune Effectiveness by Intranasal Administration

“…Boley et al developed an intranasal lipid nanoparticle-based adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, which induced strong immune responses in the respiratory tract . In addition, SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticle vaccines based on ferritin nanocarrier, CpG ODN-squalene, and N , N , N -trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles have been developed to potentiate strong systemic and mucosal immunity. − …”

Efficient removal of metal ions by capacitive deionization with straw waste derived graphitic porous carbon nanosheets

“…It has been demonstrated that excessive voltage can cause Faraday reactions, and the aqueous solutions will be decomposed. [57][58] However, the low voltage will result in the incomplete EDL formation, and the adsorption capacity of electrode will be weakened accordingly. [57][58] Herein, the CDI performance of GPCS electrodes at 0.8-1.2 V in a 100 mg L -1 NaCl solution was carefully evaluated, and the results were shown in Fig.…”