Coded LoRa Performance in Wireless Channels

Baruffa, Giuseppe; Rugini, Luca; Mecarelli, Vanni; Germani, Lorenzo; Frescura, F.

doi:10.1109/pimrc.2019.8904298

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…After the compensation of the phase rotation according to U = Ye −j φ, coherent detection is performed by selecting the bin index with the maximum projection onto the real axis [44], [51], [52]…”

Section: Coherent Lora Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to date the error rate of LoRa has mostly been studied for non-coherent detection. Specifically, the performance of coherent LoRa receivers has, to the best of our knowledge, been examined in [41], [44], [51], [52] for the AWGN scenario, and recently in [53] for Rayleigh fading. Very recently, new error rate approximations have been given both for coherent and non-coherent LoRa in [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Advantage of Coherent LoRa Detection in the Presence of Interference

Afisiadis¹,

Li²,

Burg³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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It has been shown that the coherent detection of LoRa signals only provides marginal gains of around 0.7 dB on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. However, ALOHA-based massive Internet of Things systems, including LoRa, often operate in the interference-limited regime. Therefore, in this work, we examine the performance of the LoRa modulation with coherent detection in the presence of interference from another LoRa user with the same spreading factor. We derive rigorous symbol-and frame error rate expressions as well as bounds and approximations for evaluating the error rates. The error rates predicted by these approximations are compared against error rates found by Monte Carlo simulations and shown to be very accurate. We also compare the performance of LoRa with coherent and non-coherent receivers and we show that the coherent detection of LoRa is significantly more beneficial in interference scenarios than in the presence of only AWGN. For example, we show that coherent detection leads to a 2.5 dB gain over the standard non-coherent detection for a signal-tointerference ratio (SIR) of 3 dB and up to a 10 dB gain for an SIR of 0 dB.

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Section: Coherent Lora Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Advantage of Coherent LoRa Detection in the Presence of Interference

Afisiadis¹,

Li²,

Burg³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The use of the LoRa module can stable the performance of signal strength and high precision in long-distance. Due to the Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation, the communication link in the air of the LoRa module is more efficient [19]. In addition, the channel model of LoRa at 433 MHz and 868 MHz was presented in [20] based on ground-toground (G2G) CM; the authors investigated the path lossbased empirical measurement in the urban environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Path Loss Channel Characterization Based on Air‐to‐Air Ground Reflection Channel Modeling for UAV‐Enabled Wireless Communications

Supramongkonset

Duangsuwan

Maw

et al. 2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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The purpose of this work was to investigate the air-to-air channel model (A2A-CM) for unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) enabled wireless communications. Specifically, a low-altitude small UAV needs to characterize the propagation mechanisms from ground reflection. In this paper, the empirical path loss channel characterizations of A2A ground reflection CM based on different scenarios were presented by comparing the wireless communication modules for UAVs. Two types of wireless communication modules both WiFi 2.4 GHz and LoRa 868 MHz frequency were deployed to study the path loss channel characterization between Tx-UAV and Rx-UAV. To investigate the path loss, three types of experimental channel models, such as CM1 grass floor, CM2 soil floor, and CM3 rubber floor, were considered under the ground reflection condition. The analytical A2A Two-Ray (A2AT-R) model and the modified Log-Distance model were simulated to compare the correlation with the measurement data. The measurement results in the CM3 rubber floor scenario showed the impact from the ground reflection at 1 m to 3 m Rx-UAV altitudes both 2.4 GHz and 868 MHz which was converged to the A2AT-R model and related to the modified Log-Distance model above 3 m. It clear that there is no ground reflection effect from the CM1 grass floor and CM2 soil floor. This work showed that the analytical A2AT-R model and the modified Log-Distance model can deploy to model the path loss of A2A-CM by using WiFi and LoRa wireless modules.

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“…suburban or rural environments [15], making this technology viable for both small and medium-scale applications. It has also been shown that a single LoRa gateway can manage a large number of EDs with little maintenance and easy deployment [5].LoRa is a proprietary wireless communication standard developed by Semtech, based on a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation [16,17]. The physical layer (PHY) uses chirp waveforms with different chirp rate, to maintain orthogonality among different classes of users, and with different initial frequency, to convey the actual information message [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LoRa is a proprietary wireless communication standard developed by Semtech, based on a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation [16,17]. The physical layer (PHY) uses chirp waveforms with different chirp rate, to maintain orthogonality among different classes of users, and with different initial frequency, to convey the actual information message [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An IoT Architecture for Continuous Livestock Monitoring Using LoRa LPWAN

et al. 2019

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The Internet of Things (IoT) architecture is quickly becoming popular even outside of its originating scenario of home automation. This paper reports the design, implementation, and performance of an IoT hardware and software architecture conceived for the continuous monitoring of livestock located in barns and during grazing. We have adopted the LoRa low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology to cover the diverse environments, and a suitable configuration of web services to perform data storage, analysis, and visualization. Since the LoRa LPWAN (LoRaWAN) medium access control (MAC) layer does not provide a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism, we propose a custom MAC layer with LBT-based carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). The devised system has been implemented using off-the-shelf hardware, and its performance has also been estimated with the help of a C++ event-based simulator. The preliminary results of our HW implementation on the field confirm the stability of the conceived system and its reliability. suburban or rural environments [15], making this technology viable for both small and medium-scale applications. It has also been shown that a single LoRa gateway can manage a large number of EDs with little maintenance and easy deployment [5].LoRa is a proprietary wireless communication standard developed by Semtech, based on a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation [16,17]. The physical layer (PHY) uses chirp waveforms with different chirp rate, to maintain orthogonality among different classes of users, and with different initial frequency, to convey the actual information message [15]. Channel coding is also used, with interleaving and Hamming block codes. Although the details of the LoRa PHY are not public, several authors have tried and succeeded to reverse-engineer, almost completely, its PHY communication techniques [18].On the other side, LoRaWAN is an open MAC protocol, built on top of the LoRa PHY, that is specifically designed for low-powered devices operating over long-range wireless links. Even though LoRaWAN is commonly used in deploying LoRa networks [19], in this work we have decided to implement a custom MAC layer in order to have more control over the architectural design and to remove some features of the LoRaWAN layer [20] that are not used in our application, such as the large header size when short payloads have to be delivered, and the packet acknowledgments managed by a LoRa server. Continuous and near-real-time monitoring of livestock, in particular of dairy cattle, can help to provide information vital to study the animal behavior and to prevent pathological states that have a negative impact on livestock health [21,22].In particular, our proposed architecture aims at analyzing, almost in real-time, the status of dairy cattle in a cowshed or during grazing by means of sensors embedded in smart collars. By the way, this approach may be extended also to other kinds of livestock, such as beef cattle, swine, ovine, and even equine.In this paper we first de...

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Coded LoRa Performance in Wireless Channels

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

On the Advantage of Coherent LoRa Detection in the Presence of Interference

On the Advantage of Coherent LoRa Detection in the Presence of Interference

Empirical Path Loss Channel Characterization Based on Air‐to‐Air Ground Reflection Channel Modeling for UAV‐Enabled Wireless Communications

An IoT Architecture for Continuous Livestock Monitoring Using LoRa LPWAN

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