Coded excitation waveform engineering for high frame rate synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging

Lashkari, Bahman; Zhang, Kaicheng; Dovlo, Edem; Mandelis, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2017.02.007

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In recent years, it has been used in absolute distance measurement in laser ranging [21,22]. Methods with similar theoretical bases are also used in ultrasonic ranging and thickness detection [23,24]. Cross-correlation methods are helpful for improving the accuracy and resolution to the phase level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Resolution Ultrasonic Ranging System Using Laser Sensing and a Cross-Correlation Method

et al. 2019

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Ultrasound has been proven to be a valid tool for ranging, especially in water. In this paper, we design a high-resolution ultrasonic ranging system that uses a thin laser beam as an ultrasonic sensor. The laser sensing provides a noncontact method for ultrasound detection based on acousto-optic diffraction. Unlike conventional methods, the ultrasound transmitted from the transducer is recorded as the reference signal when it first passes through the laser. It can be used to improve the accuracy and resolution of the time-of-flight (TOF) by a cross-correlation method. Transducers with a central frequency of 1 MHz and diameters of 20 mm and 28 mm are used in the experiment. Five targets and a test piece are used to evaluate the ranging performance. The sound velocity is measured by the sound velocity profiler (SVP). The repeatability error of TOF is less than 4 ns, and the theoretical resolution of TOF is 0.4 ns. The results show a measurement resolution within one-tenth of the wavelength of ultrasound and an accuracy better than 0.3 mm for targets at a distance up to 0.8 m. The proposed system has potential applications in underwater ranging and thickness detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Resolution Ultrasonic Ranging System Using Laser Sensing and a Cross-Correlation Method

et al. 2019

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“…The table validates that ITR methods have lower computation times than JTR and MTR, however their differences are not as those predicted by analyzing the computational complexity. This may be related to the other operations in the implementation such as establishing the virtual array data for ITR methods and forming the 2D matrix Ŝ(k) according to (8), which may be applied in a more efficient manner than that of us.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this method has the drawback of a low signal-to-noise ratio and reduced penetration depth in comparison to the conventional line-by-line method. 1 Several techniques have been proposed to deal with these problems, such as spatial encoding, 7 coded excitation signals, 8 and simultaneous excitations of several elements. 9 In recent years, minimum variance (MV) adaptive beamformers have widely been studied and demonstrated a valuable improvement in the resolution and the contrast of the ultrasound imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging through Adaptive Integrated Transmitting-Receiving Beamformer

Rostamikhanghahi

Sakhaei

2023

Ultrason Imaging

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Synthetic aperture (SA) technique is very attractive for ultrafast ultrasound imaging, as the entire medium can be insonified by a single emission. It also permits applying the dynamic focusing as well as adaptive beamforming both in transmission and reception, which results in an enhanced image. In this paper, we firstly show that the problem of designing the transmit and receive beamformers in SA structure can be formulated as a problem of designing a one-way beamformer on a virtual array with a lateral response equal to that of the two-way beamformer on SA. It is also demonstrated that the length of the virtual aperture is increased to the sum of the transmit aperture length and the receive one, which can result in an enhanced resolution. Moreover, a better estimation of the covariance matrix can be obtained which can be utilized for applying adaptive minimum variance (MV) beamforming method on the virtual array, and consequently the resolution and contrast properties would be enhanced. The performance of the new method is compared with other existing MV-based methods and is quantified by some metrics such as the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and generalized contrast to noise ratio (GCNR). Our validations on simulations and experimental data have shown that the new method is capable of obtaining higher GCNR values while retaining or decreasing FWHM values almost all the time. Moreover, for the same subarray length for estimating the covariance matrices, the computational burden of the new method is significantly lower than those of the existing rival methods.

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“…When a single pulse is transmitted, the transmission frequency can be adjusted to 50 MHz. In transmitting coded pulses, when the code changes from "+ 1" to "− 1" or from "− 1" to "+ 1", waveform distortion can occur at the connection point of the two waveforms 24 . Waveform distortion is caused by the limited bandwidth of the transmitter module and transducer and brings other undesired frequency components into the signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Golay-coded excitation in real-time imaging of high frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy

Wang

Yang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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High frequency ultrasonic imaging provides clinicians with high-resolution diagnostic images and more accurate measurement results. The technique is now widely used in ophthalmology, dermatology, and small animal imaging. However, since ultrasonic attenuation in tissue increases rapidly with increasing frequency, the depth of detection of high frequency ultrasound in tissue is limited to a few millimeters. In this paper, a novel method of using Golay-coded excitation as a replacement for conventional single-pulse excitation in high frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy was proposed, and real-time imaging was realized. While maintaining the transmission voltage and image resolution unchanged, the detection depth can be effectively improved. The ultrasonic transmission frequency is 30 MHz and the transmission voltage is ± 60 V p-p. In this study, 4-bit, 8-bit, and 16-bit coding sequences and decoding compression were used. To verify the effectiveness of the coding sequence in real-time imaging of ultrasound biomicroscopy, we designed a 10-μm diameter line target echo experiment, an ultrasound phantom experiment, and an in vitro porcine eye experiment. The experimental results show that the code/decode method of signal processing can not only maintain a resolution consistent with that of single-pulse transmission, but can also improve the detection depth and signal-to-noise ratio.

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Coded excitation waveform engineering for high frame rate synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

A High-Resolution Ultrasonic Ranging System Using Laser Sensing and a Cross-Correlation Method

A High-Resolution Ultrasonic Ranging System Using Laser Sensing and a Cross-Correlation Method

Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging through Adaptive Integrated Transmitting-Receiving Beamformer

Research on Golay-coded excitation in real-time imaging of high frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy

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