Code-switching in early English literature

Schendl, Herbert

doi:10.1177/0963947015585245

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The consistent generation of new mixed forms is not typical of literary texts involving Latinalthough it is a highly inflected language, it rarely combines a foreign lexical morpheme with its own inflection, except when forming a new loan. The data imply that in literary texts such forms are rather an exception than a preferred strategy, and that they come chiefly in dialogical texts, not only in the period of Classical Antiquity, but also in the Middle Ages (see Adams, 2004;Forster, 1970;Mullen, 2015;Schendl, 2015), while they are normal in post-ancient technical usage (see Wright, 2011), which, as we saw, is one of the phenomena that set the stage for the emergence of MacL.…”

Section: Status Of Non-latin Elements In Maclmentioning

confidence: 57%

Artificial fusion: The curious case of Macaronic Latin

Demo

2020

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: The present paper aims to situate Macaronic Latin, a peculiar type of linguistic mixture that was used in literary works in early modern Europe, within the context of phenomena such as code-switching and borrowing, as well as mixed and constructed languages. The main objective is to see whether and how it can be compared to various instances of linguistic structures originating from more than one source language. Design/Methodology/Approach: After a description of its historical background and sociolinguistic features, main linguistic traits of Macaronic Latin are sketched and, finally, compared to other language contact phenomena, with particular reference to the fusion hypothesis. Data and Analysis: The main data for the analysis are sixty samples from macaronic works belonging to eleven language pairs. The analysis shows that mixed words in Macaronic Latin have properties of both borrowings and loans, being very similar to nonce formations. When compared to mixed and constructed languages, Macaronic Latin shows peculiarities that set it apart from either group. Findings/Conclusions: Although individual structural aspects of Macaronic Latin align its individual aspects with various outcomes of linguistic contact, the sociolinguistic pattern of its creation and later development make it a rather untypical case of linguistic mixing. Originality: Latin served as the main language of learned communication in medieval and early modern Europe; yet, this paper is the first study devoted to putting it in the context of mixed language debate. Significance/Implications: The study suggests that the preservation of the widespread use of a language with no native speakers requires sociolinguistic forces so strong so as to override many trends of what has been established as regular linguistic development. This implies that in investigating such cases we might need a modified research methodology and an extended terminology.

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Section: Status Of Non-latin Elements In Maclmentioning

confidence: 57%

Artificial fusion: The curious case of Macaronic Latin

Demo

2020

International Journal of Bilingualism

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“…The researchers have identified two distinct types of lexical borrowing in the film, which can be classified according to their underlying reasons: lexical borrowing driven by usage habits, and lexical borrowing driven by a lack of corresponding words [6]. The former can be further divided into two cases, namely English to Chinese and Chinese to English, taking into consideration the different language usage habits and the actual usage patterns observed in the film.…”

Section: Lexical Borrowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types and Functions of Code-Switching in the Film Everything Everywhere All at Once

Chen¹,

Liu²

2023

EHSS

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This case study analyzes the types and functions of code-switching (CS) used in a film entitled Everything Everywhere All at Once (EEAAO). Based on Poplack’s (1980) and Holmes’ (2012) researches, the researchers take a qualitative research method and a two-fold approach: counting the frequency of the different code switches with the analysis of whether there is a dominant type and interpreting the functions of CS examples. The result shows that all three types of CS, including inter-sentential, intra-sentential and extra-sentential switching, are used in EEAAO with no type that could be defined as a dominant type. As for functions, there are five of seven functions that appear in the CS data of EEAAO: solidarity, topic, switching for affective functions, lexical borrowing and metaphorical switching. The result indicates that CS in the film not only can be used as a node for emotional transformation and a thread for sorting out the plot but also as a means of language accommodation, embodying the integration of different cultures and enabling speakers to communicate more efficiently.

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“…This study concerns the linguistic analysis of literary code-switching in three short stories by Junot Díaz (2012). 1 Despite the fact that literary code-switching is a frequent feature of literary texts used in different languages and times such as in Roman literature (Mullen 2015), the English literary tradition from its beginnings until the present time (Schendl 2015), and contemporary Brazilian literature (Müller 2015), it is an under-developed phenomenon in research. Bilingual Hispanic-American writers have used it with profusion and thanks to them the investigation of this type of switching has become more important (Gardner-Chloros and .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturation through Code-Switching Linguistic Analysis in Three Short-Stories: “Invierno”, “Nilda” and “The Pura Principle” (Díaz 2012)

Sánchez

Pérez-García

2020

Miscelánea

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The purpose of this article is to investigate whether Yunior, a character and narrator in the three short stories under study, “Invierno”, “The Pura Principle”, and “Nilda”, becomes absorbed into American culture or obtains a positive relationship with this culture without losing his Dominican identity. Quantitative analyses of the vocabulary in the L1 code-switches (Spanish) and of the L2 (English) vocabulary used by Yunior in the stories were carried out to appraise his linguistic progression. Code-switching was analyzed because it gives insights into how situation and context influences language use and why the characters use the language they do. The results obtained, by means of three common lexical measures used in foreign language research (lexical density, age of acquisition and lexical sophistication), allowed us to assess Yunior’s change of identity. According to the acculturation model, Yunior becomes acculturated in the host country, showing progression and integration with many cultural aspects of American life and the English language due to his formal education and early age of acquisition of L2.

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Code-switching in early English literature

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Artificial fusion: The curious case of Macaronic Latin

Artificial fusion: The curious case of Macaronic Latin

Types and Functions of Code-Switching in the Film Everything Everywhere All at Once

Acculturation through Code-Switching Linguistic Analysis in Three Short-Stories: “Invierno”, “Nilda” and “The Pura Principle” (Díaz 2012)

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