Code-Switching as an Interactional Resource in Garrwa/Kriol Talk-in-Interaction

Mushin, Ilana

doi:10.1080/07268602.2010.518556

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Instructions to the Indigenous Australian children were delivered by one of two experimenters (third or fourth author). Although many of the Indigenous Australian children speak a local vernacular termed “Kriol” in everyday life (Mushin, ), they are instructed in English at their crèches, preschools, and schools, and are able to comprehend English. In line with previous research (e.g., Neldner, Mushin, & Nielsen, ; Nielsen et al., ), therefore, instructions were also delivered to these children in English.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young Children From Three Diverse Cultures Spontaneously and Consistently Prepare for Alternative Future Possibilities

et al. 2018

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This study examined future-oriented behavior in children (3-6 years; N = 193) from three diverse societies-one industrialized Western city and two small, geographically isolated communities. Children had the opportunity to prepare for two alternative versions of an immediate future event over six trials. Some 3-year-olds from all cultures demonstrated competence, and a majority of the oldest children from each culture prepared for both future possibilities on every trial. Although there were some cultural differences in the youngest age groups that approached ceiling performance, the overall results indicate that children across these communities become able to prepare for alternative futures during early childhood. This acquisition period is therefore not contingent on Western upbringing, and may instead indicate normal cognitive maturation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young Children From Three Diverse Cultures Spontaneously and Consistently Prepare for Alternative Future Possibilities

et al. 2018

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“…Three examples show use of the practice to structure talk: in example 4, Ndjébbana is used to shift the discourse frame for meta-textual commentary about a core text in Na-kara (akin to McConvell 1994), in example 5 switching in part flags a topic switch in the conversation, and in example 10 the switch marks reported speech. The list of factors identified here is by no means exhaustive and, as Mushin (2010) work shows, there are doubtless many more discourse functions served by code-switching to be discovered and other local factors that further ethnographic work might reveal.…”

Section: Social-psychological Ideological and Discourse Effects In Code-switchingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Enduring and Contemporary Code-Switching Practices in Northern Australia

Vaughan¹

2021

Languages

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In Maningrida, northern Australia, code-switching is a commonplace phenomenon within a complex of both longstanding and more recent language practices characterised by high levels of linguistic diversity and multilingualism. Code-switching is observable between local Indigenous languages and is now also widespread between local languages and English and/or Kriol. In this paper, I consider whether general predictions about the nature and functioning of code-switching account for practices in the Maningrida context. I consider: (i) what patterns characterise longstanding code-switching practices between different Australian languages in the region, as opposed to code-switching between an Australian language and Kriol or English? (ii) how do the distinctions observable align with general predictions and constraints from dominant theoretical frameworks? Need we look beyond these factors to explain the patterns? Results indicate that general predictions, including the effects of typological congruence, account for many observable tendencies in the data. However, other factors, such as constraints exerted by local ideologies of multilingualism and linguistic purism, as well as shifting socio-interactional goals, may help account for certain distinct patterns in the Maningrida data.

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“…While the choice of a particular language can fulfil a social function, the mere occurrence of codeswitching in a conversation may be communicatively more relevant than the social meanings that are associated with the individual languages (Mushin, 2010, p. 477). That is, codeswitching is a meaningful interactional activity independent of the social function of each language.…”

Section: Bilingual Speech In Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The juxtaposition of two languages can be systematic and interactionally meaningful (Auer, 1984(Auer, , 1995Mushin, 2010;Li & Milroy, 1995). However, the combination of two languages can also be an "action-neutral" (Musk & Cromdal, 2018) bilingual practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilingual speech in Jaru–Kriol conversations: Codeswitching, codemixing, and grammatical fusion

Dahmen

2021

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and objectives: Language contact in the Yaruman community of Western Australia has led to prevalent bilingual practices between the endangered language Jaru and the creole language Kriol. This study examines ordinary conversations in the community and investigates whether the observable bilingual practices are interactionally relevant, and whether codemixing has led to the emergence of a conventionalised mixed language. Approach: The research is based on a qualitative analysis of bilingual speech in natural conversation. The approach combines the methodological framework of interactional linguistics with an analysis of the grammatical structures of conversational data. Data and analysis: The analysed data consist of two hours and thirty minutes of transcribed video recordings, comprising 13 casual multi-party conversations involving all generations in the Yaruman community. The recordings were made using lapel microphones and two high-definition cameras. Findings: Bilingual Jaru–Kriol speakers use codeswitching as an interactional resource for a range of conversational activities. In many cases, however, speakers’ code choices are not interactionally relevant. Instead, codemixing is often oriented to as a normative way of speaking and participants exploit their full linguistic repertoire by relatively freely combining elements from both languages. There are also signs of morphological fusion in the mixed speech of younger Jaru speakers, who more frequently combine Kriol verb structure and Jaru nominal morphology. However, this morphological split is not fully conventionalised and variation is still substantial. Originality: The bilingual speech continuum is supported by the analysis of conversational data in a situation of language shift. This article shows that fusion involving core grammatical categories can occur among a subgroup of speakers without developing into a community-wide mixed language. Significance: The study contributes to a better understanding of community bilingualism and bilingual practices in a situation of language shift. It demonstrates how codeswitching, codemixing, and grammatical fusion can co-exist in a bilingual community.

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Code-Switching as an Interactional Resource in Garrwa/Kriol Talk-in-Interaction

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Young Children From Three Diverse Cultures Spontaneously and Consistently Prepare for Alternative Future Possibilities

Young Children From Three Diverse Cultures Spontaneously and Consistently Prepare for Alternative Future Possibilities

Enduring and Contemporary Code-Switching Practices in Northern Australia

Bilingual speech in Jaru–Kriol conversations: Codeswitching, codemixing, and grammatical fusion

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