Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis

Galarraga, Bernat; Ho, Meilien; Youssef, Hamdy M.; Hill, Andrew; McMahon, H.; Hall, Cindy; Ogston, Simon; Nuki, G; Belch, J. J. F.

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken024

Cited by 140 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fish is recommended to consume in order to reduce the risk for heart diseases (Anonymous, 2010c). In addition to reducing the risk for heart disease, regular consumption of fish can be advisable in preventing, treating, or improving a wide variety of diseases and disorders, including mental health (Mischoulon et al, 2009), chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder (Galarraga et al, 2008), dental health (Hamazaki et al, 2006) and even positive effects on different stages of cancer (Augustsson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish oil may be considered as one of the richest source of n-3 PUFA among the other lipid containing foods. Therefore, it can prevent the occurrence of such diseases as depressive disorder (Mischoulon et al, 2009), cardiovascular mortality (Anderson et al, 2009), rheumatoid arthritis (Galarraga et al, 2008), tooth loss (Hamazaki et al, 2006), cardiovascular diseases (Calder, 2004), and diabetes (Woodman et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Öksüz¹,

OZYILMAZ²

2010

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Monthly changes in proximate and fatty acid compositions of Black Sea anchovy were searched during catching seasons in this study. Moisture content of anchovy was at the lowest level (64.93%) in October, whereas it reached the maximum level in April (74.32%). In contrary to moisture, lipid level was at maximum level (16.32%) at the beginning and gradually declined (7.9%) towards the end of fishing season. Significant differences in lipid levels of anchovy was observed in all sampling months, whereas its ash content was differed significantly (P<0.05) only in December and April. In addition, the levels of C16:0, C14:0 and C18:0 in saturated fatty acids (SFA), C18:1n9 in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and C22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and C20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was the predominant fatty acids. EPA level gradually declined, while DHA increased from October to April. Furthermore, the average levels of n3 and n6 were found to be 30.33% and 4.43%, respectively. Significant changes were observed in fatty acid composition, particularly in DHA, of anchovy during the fishing season.Keywords: Anchovy, proximate composition, fatty acids, EPA, DHA Karadeniz Hamsisinde (Engraulis encrasicolus, L. 1758) Av Sezonu Boyunca Yağ Asitleri Komposizyonlarının Değişimi ÖzetBu çalışmada Doğu Karadeniz bölgesi hamsilerinin avlama mevsimi süresince besin bileşenleri ve yağ asitleri komposizyonundaki aylık değişim incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hamsilerin nem oranı ekim ayında en düşük (%64,93) iken nisan ayında ise en yüksek seviyeyede (%74,32) olduğu hesaplanmıştır (P<0,05). Buna bağlı olarak tüm aylardaki yağ seviyeleri ve aralık ve nisan aylarındaki kül miktarlarındaki değişim istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. İlaveten, avlanma mevsimi süresince doymuş yağ asitlerinden (SFA) C16:0, C14:0 ve C18:0, tekli doymamış yağ asitlerinden (MUFA) C18:1n9 ve çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinden (PUFA) C22:6n-3 (DHA, dekosahekzanoik asit) ve C20:5n-3 (EPA, eikosapentanoik asit) en yüksek oranlarda bulunmuşlardır. Avlama mevsimi boyunca, ortalama omega-3 ve omega-6 değerleri sırası ile %30,33 ve %4,43 olarak hesaplanmıştır. EPA seviyesinde tedrici olarak bir azalma meydana gelirken, DHA seviyesinde ise ekim ayından nisan ayına kadar bir artış gözlenmiştir. Yağ asitlerinde av mevsimi boyunca yağ assitlerinde özellikle de DHA oranında belirgin bir şekilde bir değişimin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Hamsi, besin bileşenleri, yağ asitleri, EPA, DHA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Öksüz¹,

OZYILMAZ²

2010

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Fish oils ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis, [10][11][12] and demonstrate modest effects on RA with a consistent reduction in tender joint count, morning stiffness and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage being observed in multiple small clinical trials when added to conventional DMARD therapy. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Studies suggest that higher doses of fish oil (e.g. 3-6 g/day) are more effective than lower doses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Levels of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Are Associated with Anti-TNF Responsiveness in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inhibit the Etanercept-driven Rise in Th17 Cell Differentiationin Vitro

Jeffery

Fisk²,

Calder³

et al. 2017

J Rheumatol

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ObjectiveTo determine whether levels of plasma n-3 PUFAs are associated with response to anti-TNF agents in RA, and whether this putative effect may have its basis in altering anti-TNF driven Th17 cell differentiation MethodsPlasma was collected at baseline and after three months of anti-TNF treatment in ResultsPlasma PC EPA levels, and the EPA/arachidonic acid ratio, correlated inversely with change in DAS28 scores at 3 months (-0.51; p=0.007, and -0.48; p=0.01 respectively), indicating that higher plasma EPA was associated with a greater reduction in DAS28. Plasma PC EPA was positively associated with EULAR EPA and anti-TNF response 2 response (P=0.02). An increase in Th17 cells post-therapy has been associated with non-response to anti-TNF. Etanercept increased Th17 frequencies in vitro.Physiological concentrations of EPA, but not LA, prevented this. ConclusionEPA status was associated with clinical improvements to anti-TNF therapy in vivo and prevented the effect of etanercept on Th17 cells in vitro. EPA supplementation might be a simple way to improve anti-TNF outcomes in RA patients by suppressing Th17 frequencies.

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“…Only one report [17] showed that glucosamine had some beneficial effects on RA symptoms. In contrast, accumulated evidence suggested that fish oil containing x-3 fatty acids [18][19][20][21] and herb oil containing c-linolenic acid [22] relieved RA symptoms to some extent. Nevertheless, patients using fish or herb oil products were fewer in number than those using products or components of cartilage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sixty percent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan have used dietary supplements or health foods

et al. 2009

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We conducted a survey on the use of dietary supplements and health foods (DS/HF) in definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated by RA specialists. Among 296 patients (male 48, female 248), 179 patients (60.5%) had experience of DS/HF use. Prevalence of DS/HF use was significantly higher in female than in male patients (63.7% versus 43.8%). Overall, patients who have used DS/HF were significantly younger than those who have not used; it was particularly notable in female patients. The proportion of current users was significantly higher in those less than 5 years from diagnosis than those who had been diagnosed for 5 years or more. Products of herbs or algae (44.1%) and components of cartilage (40.8%) were the most popular DS/HF. Primary sources of product information were family members or friends (56.4%) and advertisements in the mass media (34.1%). Of the users, 73.7% did not disclose DS/HF use to their physicians. The users expected alleviation of the symptoms (35.2%) and improvement of health (34.6%). However, 59.2% of the users were unsure of the benefits. In conclusion, physicians should be aware of the high prevalence of DS/HF usage in patients with RA in Japan.

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Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract: This study suggests that cod liver oil supplements containing n-3 fatty acids can be used as NSAID-sparing agents in RA patients.

Cited by 140 publications

References 19 publications

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Plasma Levels of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Are Associated with Anti-TNF Responsiveness in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inhibit the Etanercept-driven Rise in Th17 Cell Differentiationin Vitro

Sixty percent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan have used dietary supplements or health foods

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