Cod-liver oil as both source and antagonist of vitamin E

Moore, Thomas; Sharman, I. M.; Ward, Roberta J.

doi:10.1079/bjn19590014

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Ward it contained 10.1 mg tocopherol/Ioo g, all in the a form. Its tocopherol content, therefore, was virtually identical with that of the oil used in our former experiments (Moore et al 1959).…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N T a Lsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Prevention of the injurious effects of excessive cod-liver oil by its fortification with vitamin E

Moore

Sharman

1961

Br J Nutr

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The injurious effects of dietary excess of cod-liver oil, and the role of the oil both as a source and antagonist of vitamin E, have been discussed in previous communications (Moore, Sharman & Ward, 1958a, b, 1959. According to chemical estimation a specimen of medicinal cod-liver oil contained about 10 mg u-tocopherol/Ioo g. This finding implied that if rats were to be given the oil as 10% of their diet they would receive about four times their minimum requirement of vitamin E, as far as could be judged from the results of previous measurements of the requirements of other rats which had received a basal diet containing lard. Support for the chemical result was obtained in a biological test, in which the unsaponifiable fraction of the cod-liver oil was given to rats fed upon a diet containing lard. When the whole oil was included in the diet, however, most of the signs of avitaminosis E were not prevented. This effect was presumably due to the presence in the cod-liver oil of highly unsaturated fatty acids, which are known to be antagonistic to vitamin E. The ill effects of the cod-liver oil were prevented by adequate weekly doses of m-a-tocopheryl acetate administered separately from the main diet.The object of this investigation was to find whether the injurious effects of cod-liver oil can be prevented by fortifying it with u-tocopherol and, if so, what concentration of the vitamin is required for this purpose. The need for inquiry into these points was emphasized by the finding of Mackenzie, Mackenzie & McCollum (1941) that or-tocopherol had to be administered to rabbits at an adequate time interval before or after dosing with cod-liver oil in order to exert its action in preventing muscular dystrophy. E X P E R I M E N T A LCod-liver oil. The oil was supplied by British Cod Liver Oils (Hull & Grimsby)Limited and was described as of ' high-grade medicinal' quality. According to chemical estimations by D r R. J. Ward it contained 10.1 mg tocopherol/Ioo g, all in the a form. Its tocopherol content, therefore, was virtually identical with that of the oil used in our former experiments (Moore et al. 1959).Grouping of rats. Weanling female albino rats were fed upon diets similar to those previously described (Moore et al. 1959). These diets had the general composition:casein (vitamin-free) 25, sucrose 50, fat 10, dried brewer's yeast 10 and minerals 5 %.Supplements of vitamin K, as 50 pg e-methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone weekly, were given https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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Section: E X P E R I M E N T a Lsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Grouping of rats. Weanling female albino rats were fed upon diets similar to those previously described (Moore et al 1959). These diets had the general composition: casein (vitamin-free) 25, sucrose 50, fat 10, dried brewer's yeast 10 and minerals 5 %.…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N T a Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of the injurious effects of excessive cod-liver oil by its fortification with vitamin E

Moore

Sharman

1961

Br J Nutr

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“…For example, the greater unsaturation of 18: 3w3 compared to 18: 2w6 may antagonize or inhibit the action of another nutrient such as vitamin E which is known to be required for testicular development (Mason, 1954). However, this would seem unlikely from the adequate quantities of vitamin E (64 mg/kg) in the diet and the small amounts (750 ,ul per week) of unsaturated fatty acids administered (see Moore, Sharman & Ward, 1959). (2) There may be a requirement in spermatogenesis for a specific configuration of fatty acid unsaturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Linoleic and Linolenic Acids on Testicular Development in the Rat

et al. 1983

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SUMMARYIn two experiments a total of twelve male rats were reared from weaning for up to 63 weeks on an essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient diet alone (2 x two animals) or supplemented with the methyl esters of linoleic acid (18: 2w6) (2 x two animals) or linolenic acid (18: 3w3) (2 x two animals). Testicular development was normal in rats given 18:2w6, but in rats fed the EFAdeficient diet alone, and in those supplemented with 18:3w3 the testes were reduced in size. Histologically, a degeneration of the seminiferous tubules was noted, with progressive loss of the germinal cells, and with an absence of spermatozoa in the lumina of the seminiferous tubules and epididymides. Leydig cells appeared unaffected, and were prominent. The six rats in Experiment 1 were capable of mating with females reared on commercial diets, but only the two 18: 20)6 supplemented animals were fertile. There was a marked reduction in the percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4wj6) and docosapentaenoic acid (22: 516) in the total fatty acids of the atrophic testes. There was no compensatory increase in long-chain derivatives of 18: 3w3 in the 18: 3w3 fed rats and it is concluded that linolenic acid cannot replace linoleic acid in the development of the rat testis.

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“…In addition Moore and his co-workers ( 16) have shown that cod liver oil acts as a \3t. E deficiencies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Linoleic Acid as Causative Agent of Encephalomalacia in Chickens Fed Oxidized Fats.

Machlin

Gordon

1960

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Cod-liver oil as both source and antagonist of vitamin E

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Prevention of the injurious effects of excessive cod-liver oil by its fortification with vitamin E

Prevention of the injurious effects of excessive cod-liver oil by its fortification with vitamin E

Effect of Dietary Linoleic and Linolenic Acids on Testicular Development in the Rat

Linoleic Acid as Causative Agent of Encephalomalacia in Chickens Fed Oxidized Fats.

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