Coconut shell powder reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane/natural rubber blend-composites: effect of silane coupling agents on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites

Balan, Aparna K.; Parambil, Sreejith Mottakkunnu; Vakyath, Shaniba; Velayudhan, Jinitha Thulissery; Naduparambath, Subair; Purushothaman, E.

doi:10.1007/s10853-017-0907-y

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This could be justified by the increase in the silane grafted on the surface of BFs and the formation of SiOSi and CO bonds . The presence of epoxy groups on the outer surface of BFs could be observed through the weak band depicted in the region of 920 cm −1 . The possible reaction that could be occurred between the SCA and BFs was demonstrated in Scheme , which showed that the addition of SCA to the ethanol–water solution resulted in the hydrolyzation of the alkoxyl groups and the formation of the silanol groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐performance polymeric materials with greatly improved mechanical and thermal properties from cyanate ester/benzoxazine resin reinforced by silane‐treated basalt fibers

Zegaoui

Derradji

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This present article investigates the effect of silane-treated basalt fibers (TBFs) on the morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of cyanate ester/benzoxazine (CE/BOZ) resin composites. The characterization was made using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), flexural test, impact strength (IS) test, microhardness test, dynamic scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical test results inferred the distinctive improvements in the values of the flexural strength and modulus, IS, and microhardness of the CE/BOZ composites. The thermal stabilities in terms of the T g , T 5% , T 10% , and T HRI were appreciably improved and were higher than those of the pure CE/BOZ resin. Data from the SEM and FTIR tests ascertained the good dispersion and adhesion between the TBFs and the resin matrix, which might be behind the significant enhancement in the ultimate performances of the composites, with respect to the distinguished properties of BFs. V C 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46283.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐performance polymeric materials with greatly improved mechanical and thermal properties from cyanate ester/benzoxazine resin reinforced by silane‐treated basalt fibers

Zegaoui

Derradji

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In all activated carbon producer, coconut shell has been proven to produce top grade active carbon charcoal which got great performance [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] . It can be used as filler for synthetic resin glues (thermoset moulding powder) in plywood and laminating board companies [9] , [10] . It can also be used as compound filler in the production of phenol formaldehyde moulding powder (Bakelite plastic) as filler and extender [11] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be used as filler for synthetic resin glues (thermoset moulding powder) in plywood and laminating board companies [9] , [10] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data showing the effects of vibratory disc milling time on the microstructural characteristics of Coconut Shell Nanoparticles (CS-NPs)

Ikumapayi

Akinlabi

2019

Data in Brief

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Coconut Shell (CS) as agricultural lignocellulosic biomaterial and agro-waste is predominantly available in India, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. It has proven to have effective durability characteristic, good abstractive resistance, high toughness, and good adsorption properties, and is most suitable for long standing use in many applications such as reinforcement, source of energy, fillers as well as activated carbon and its performance, efficiency and effectiveness depend wholly on whether is in form of nano-, micro-, and macro- particles. In this data, effects of milling time on morphological characteristics was experimented using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses. The SEM images were taken at magnifications of 1.00kx, 2.00kx and 5.00kx which gives respective 50 µm, 20 µm and 10 µm in different milling time of 0, 20, 40 and 60 mins. Digital Vibratory Disc Milling Machine (VDMM) rated 380 V/50 Hz at 940 rpm was employed for the grinding and the morphology of the milled nanoparticles were characterised. It was revealed from the data collected that 0 min (i.e. 75 µm sieved) has the highest mean area value of 16.105 µm2 and area standard deviation of 200.738 µm2 with least value of a number of particle size distribution of 809 µm. In contrast, 60 mins milled has the lowest values for mean area and area standard deviation of 8.945 µm2 and 115.851 µm2 respectively with the highest number of particle size distribution of 2032 µm. It was observed that milling time increases the number of particle sizes distributions and reduces the area of particle size.

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“…However, introducing the natural compounds into a polymer structure or polymer network means the properties of pure polymers could be preserved while the material will gradually degrade at the end of the life cycle. Natural substrates usually used for polyurethanes modification are vegetable oils, polysaccharides, proteins, plants fibres, poly(hydroxy acids) and poly(lactide acid) [1][2][3]. The presence of chitosan (Ch) and starch (St) in polyurethane network causes increasing the sorption properties and hydrophilicity of pure polymer [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Physicochemical Properties of Branched Polyurethane/Biopolymer Blends

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study is the analyze the structure of branched polyurethanes based on synthetic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) and their blends with biopolymers and montmorillonite. The properties which would predict the potential susceptibility of these materials to degradation are also estimated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection analysis shows that poly([d,l]-lactide) is on the surfaces of polyurethanes, whereas chitosan and starch are included inside the blend network. Atomic force microscopy images have shown that the surfaces of investigated samples are heterogenous with the formation of spherulites in case of pure polyurethanes. The presence of biopolymers in the blend reduced the crystallinity of polyurethanes. Thermal stability of blends of polyurethanes with poly([d,l]-lactide) and polysaccharides decreased in comparison to pure polyurethanes. Although the tensile strength is reduced after the blending of polyurethanes with biopolymers, the elongation at break increased, especially in the case of polyurethane/poly([d,l]-lactide) blends. The presence of polysaccharides in the obtained blends caused the significant reduction of contact angle after one minute from water drop immersion. This hydrophilizing effect is the highest when montmorillonite has been incorporated into the chitosan blend. The estimated properties of the obtained materials suggest their potential sensitivity on environmental conditions.

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Coconut shell powder reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane/natural rubber blend-composites: effect of silane coupling agents on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites

Cited by 56 publications

References 57 publications

High‐performance polymeric materials with greatly improved mechanical and thermal properties from cyanate ester/benzoxazine resin reinforced by silane‐treated basalt fibers

High‐performance polymeric materials with greatly improved mechanical and thermal properties from cyanate ester/benzoxazine resin reinforced by silane‐treated basalt fibers

Data showing the effects of vibratory disc milling time on the microstructural characteristics of Coconut Shell Nanoparticles (CS-NPs)

Morphology and Physicochemical Properties of Branched Polyurethane/Biopolymer Blends

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