Coconut Shell Charcoal Combination with Teakwood Sawdust (CSC-TS): An Effective Low-Cost Adsorbent for the Removal Cr(VI) Ion on Industrial Waste

Abstract

The main goals of this study were to develop activated carbon (AC) from coconut shell charcoal (CSC) combination with teakwood sawdust (TS), combination of both on this study was known with (CSC-TS) as a pledging alternative treatment for perilous Cr(VI) metal from industrial waste which investigated with Batch method. Both AC treated differently, coconut shell charcoal prepared with three stages include dehydration with microwave assisted at 373 K for 24 hours, carbonization under 773 K for 1 hour and followed by chemical activation using H3PO4 10% for 24 hours. Meanwhile, teakwood sawdust prepared only with two stages include dehydration and chemical activation without carbonization. Batch adsorption process in this study did with the aqueous solutions and applied on batik industrial waste, the functional groups of CSC-TS was characterized using FTIR, furthermore the determination of some parameters in adsorption such as adsorbent ratio, effect of contact time, and the effectiveness optimum condition on batik industrial waste obtained by AAS. Based on FTIR result, several functional groups such as (OH) were detected. Langmuir and Freundlich models were calculated to find out the fit adsorption isotherms where Langmuir models had the greater coefficient correlation value (R2=0,9976) which represented the best isotherm models. The result showed that the Cr(VI) adsorption process was found to be maximum at GT-2,5 with 100 minutes of contact time. The percentage removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions under optimal conditions respectively were 87 and 99% with the maximum Langmuir capacity adsorption was 1,08 mg g-1. The initial concentration of batik industrial waste on upstream and downstream were 0,593 and 0,779 mg L-1 with the percentage removal of Cr(VI) were respectively 72 and 83%. This batch adsorption study confirmed that the contaminant of Cr(VI) on industrial waste can be decreased by low-cost adsorbent CSC-TS.