Coconut Oil Attenuates the Effects of Amyloid-β on Cortical Neurons in vitro

Nafar, Firoozeh; Mearow, Karen M.

doi:10.3233/jad-131436

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…However, very few studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of the MCT ketogenic diet in light of mitochondrial function, although one in vitro study has reported the attenuation of deleterious Aβ-induced effects on cortical neurons treated with coconut oil (containing high levels of MCT), observing increased cell survival and improved mitochondrial structure and size. 75 Whilst the mechanisms of these observed effects remain unknown, there remains a potential for the role of medium chain fatty acids in this context. In particular, decanoic acid, which has the ability to improve mitochondrial function 51,76 may prove beneficial in the amelioration of Aβ-induced mitochondrial damage.…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

Augustin

Khabbush

Williams

et al. 2018

The Lancet Neurology

332

272

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High-fat, low-carbohydrate diets, known as ketogenic diets, have been used as a non-pharmacological treatment for refractory epilepsy. A key mechanism of this treatment is thought to be the generation of ketones, which provide brain cells (neurons and astrocytes) with an energy source that is more efficient than glucose, resulting in beneficial downstream metabolic changes, such as increasing adenosine levels, which might have effects on seizure control. However, some studies have challenged the central role of ketones because medium-chain fatty acids, which are part of a commonly used variation of the diet (the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet), have been shown to directly inhibit AMPA receptors (glutamate receptors), and to change cell energetics through mitochondrial biogenesis. Through these mechanisms, medium-chain fatty acids rather than ketones are likely to block seizure onset and raise seizure threshold. The mechanisms underlying the ketogenic diet might also have roles in other disorders, such as preventing neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, the proliferation and spread of cancer, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Analysing medium-chain fatty acids in future ketogenic diet studies will provide further insights into their importance in modified forms of the diet. Moreover, the results of these studies could facilitate the development of new pharmacological and dietary therapies for epilepsy and other disorders.

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Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

Augustin

Khabbush

Williams

et al. 2018

The Lancet Neurology

332

272

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“…There have been many researches on VCO and its potential to salvage neurons from amyloid-induced degeneration, reduce inflammation, and provide ketone bodies for therapeutic effects and increased cognitive function [11,12,13,14]. However, it is proposed that the anti-amyloidogenic and anti-aggregatory properties are to be found in the phenolic compounds of the plant [15,16], which motivated the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Ethanolic Leaf Extract Reduces Amyloid-β (1-42) Aggregation and Paralysis Prevalence in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Independently of Free Radical Scavenging and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition

Manalo

Silvestre²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2017

Biomedicines

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Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been the subject of several studies which have aimed to alleviate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, focusing on in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Here, we studied an underutilized and lesser-valued part of the coconut tree, specifically the leaves, using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Coconut leaf extract (CLE) was screened for antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties in vitro and therapeutic effects in two strains of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ1-42) in muscle cells. CLE demonstrated free radical scavenging activity with an EC50 that is 79-fold less compared to ascorbic acid, and an AChE inhibitory activity that is 131-fold less compared to Rivastigmine. Surprisingly, in spite of its low antioxidant activity and AChE inhibition, CLE reduced Aβ deposits by 30.31% in CL2006 in a dose-independent manner, and reduced the percentage of paralyzed nematodes at the lowest concentration of CLE (159.38 μg/mL), compared to dH2O/vehicle (control). Phytochemical analysis detected glycosides, anthocyanins, and hydrolyzable tannins in CLE, some of which are known to be anti-amyloidogenic. Taken together, these findings suggest that CLE metabolites alternatively decrease AB1–42 aggregation and paralysis prevalence independently of free radical scavenging and AChE inhibition, and this warrants further investigation on the bioactive compounds of CLE.

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“…Higher ketone values were associated with greater improvement in paragraph recall with MCT treatment relative to placebo across all subjects [66], [67].…”

Section: Slows the Progression Ofmentioning

confidence: 87%

Downstream Processing for Production of Value Added Products from Coconut

Naik¹,

Madhusudhan²,

Raghavarao³

et al. 2015

CBE

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Coconut, a tropical fruit, is a well-known source of drink, food and oil as well. Numerous unprocessed, semiprocessed and processed coconut products have entered the global markets in small and big quantities. In the coconut industry, downstream processing plays vital role as the different products obtained are a result of different unit operations such as extraction, concentration and drying. Products like copra, coconut oil and desiccated coconut have a growing demand along with stringent quality specifications when exported to non-producing countries. These demands can be met only by large scale production using advanced technologies in drying and/or expelling under hygienic conditions and improvised packaging. Value added products such as nata-de-coco, coconut vinegar, toddy, etc. are being produced using microorganisms for bioconversion using coconut as a raw material. Aqueous processing and enzymatic treatment can favor the extraction of coconut oil in environmentally safe and economical manner, also yielding an edible protein product. Diversification of coconut derived products and value addition could only help the coconut growers in getting remunerative returns for the produce. This article aims to review coconut processing and related issues with special emphasis on bioprocessing and bioprocess engineering which have revolutionised the scale at which value added coconut products can be manufactured.

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Coconut Oil Attenuates the Effects of Amyloid-β on Cortical Neurons in vitro

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Ethanolic Leaf Extract Reduces Amyloid-β (1-42) Aggregation and Paralysis Prevalence in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Independently of Free Radical Scavenging and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition

Downstream Processing for Production of Value Added Products from Coconut

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