Cocirculation of Multiple Hantaviruses in Texas, with Characterization of the Small (S) Genome of a Previously Undescribed Virus of Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus)

Methods. We analyzed clinical and laboratory data on 13 patients who were <16 years old with SNV infection from 1993 through March 2000 identified from a database at the University of New Mexico.Results. The patients ranged from 10 to 16 years of age, with a median of 14. Fifty-four percent were female. Fifty-four percent were Native American. The most common prodromal symptoms were fever, headache, and cough or dyspnea (100%); nausea or vomiting (90%); and myalgia (80%). The most common physical findings at admission were tachypnea (67%) and fever (56%); hypotension was seen in 33% of patients. On admission, all patients manifested thrombocytopenia (median platelet count: 67 000/mm 3 ) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (median level: 1243 IU/L), and >85% of patients had elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and hypoalbuminemia. Leukocytosis and hemoconcentration were seen in less than one third of patients at admission. HCPS developed in 12 of the 13 patients (92%), and 4 of those 12 died (33% casefatality ratio). The majority of HCPS patients (8 of 12 [67%]) were critically ill and required mechanical ventilation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used in 2 patients, 1 of whom survived. An elevated prothrombin time (>14 seconds) at admission was predictive of mortality.Conclusions. Infection with SNV in children and adolescents causes HCPS with a clinical course and mortality rate similar to that described in adults. We believe that early recognition of HCPS in children and adolescents and appropriate referral to tertiary care centers that are experienced with HCPS are important in reducing mortality. Pediatrics 2001;108(2). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/108/2/e27; hantavirus, children, adolescents, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

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“…The 2 patients who are not included in Table 1 died, and their information was limited; they were 14 and 15 years old. 10 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection With Sin Nombre Hantavirus: Clinical Presentation and Outcome in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2001

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“…We cloned the fulllength SNV-N antigen (strain 3H226) into the pET23b vector as we described previously (Rawlings et al, 1996). For expression, we transformed the pSNV-N/pET-1 construct into Novagen BL21(DE3) cells by heat shock, as recommended by Novagen.…”

Section: Protein Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expression was conducted in liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) medium containing 50 g/ml ampicillin at 37 C. When the turbidity of the culture reached 0.25 at 600 nm, expression of the fusion protein was induced with addition of isopropyl-␤-D-thiogalactopyranoside to a final concentration of 400 M. After an additional 4 hr at 37 C, the cells were centrifuged and the proteins were solubilized from bacterial pellet in 6M urea. We subjected the SNV-N antigen to affinity column purification, over a metal chelation column as described (Rawlings et al, 1996;Bharadwaj et al, 1997). Proteins were checked for purity by Coomassie blue-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and quantitated by the method of Bradford (1976; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California, USA).…”

Section: Protein Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, we have used western blot analysis extensively to detect antibodies to SNV nucleocapsid antigen in rodent blood, and have found it to be highly concordant with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for viral RNA in tissues (Hjelle et al, 1994(Hjelle et al, , 1996. However, the production of western blots consumes a considerable quantity of purified recom-binant antigen and requires several days to produce large numbers of strips.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid and Simple Method for Screening Wild Rodents for Antibodies to Sin Nombre Hantavirus

Yee

Wortman

Nofchissey

et al. 2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV) is the primary etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the United States and Canada. Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is a zoonotic disease. The most common reservoir is the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), although numerous other species of wild rodent can carry the viruses that cause HCPS throughout the Americas. Infected rodents show no signs of clinical disease but they develop persistent infection. Sin Nombre virus can be contracted by exposure to feces, urine, or saliva of its rodent reservoirs. Detection of infection in rodents is most often based upon detection of specific antibodies; many laboratories use enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which require a specialized electrical ELISA reader. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay readers are not readily amenable to field usage. We describe a portable test, the strip immunoblot assay (SIA), which we have utilized in field diagnosis. The test can be conducted in approximately 6 hr during the day or can be conducted overnight. The test can be used to detect rodents positive for SNV antibody while they are in traps. We show that results with the SIA have excellent concordance with western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests.

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“…Although our longitudinal studies were designed principally to study the population dynamics of the deer mouse, the reservoir of SNV, several species in the rodent assemblage at the Pinyon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS) are hosts for other hantaviruses. The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) is host for New York-1 (Hjelle et al, 1995) and Blue River (Morzunov et al, 1998) viruses; the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) hosts Limestone Canyon virus (Sanchez et al, 2001); the western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis) hosts El Moro Canyon virus (Hjelle et al, 1994); the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) hosts Black Creek Canal (Rollin et al, 1995) and Muleshoe (Rawlings et al, 1996) viruses; and the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) hosts Prospect Hill virus (Lee et al, 1982). The pinyon mouse (Peromyscus truei) often has antibody to a hantavirus and may host an undescribed hantavirus, or it simply may be subject to frequent spillover infection from other host species (Calisher et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Dynamics of a Diverse Rodent Assemblage in Mixed Grass-Shrub Habitat, Southeastern Colorado, 1995–2000

Calisher

Mills

Sweeney

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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We followed seasonal and year-to-year population dynamics for a diverse rodent assemblage in a short-grass prairie ecosystem in southeastern Colorado (USA) for 6 yr. We captured 2,798 individual rodents (range, one to 812 individuals per species) belonging to 19 species. The two most common species, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis), generally had population peaks in winter and nadirs in summer; several other murid species demonstrated autumn peaks and spring nadirs; heteromyids were infrequently captured in winter, and populations generally peaked in summer or autumn. Interannual trends indicated an interactive effect between temperature and precipitation. Conditions associated with low rodent populations or population declines were high precipitation during cold periods (autumn and winter) and low precipitation during warm periods (spring and summer). Severity of adverse effects varied by species. Heteromyids, for example, were apparently not negatively affected by the hot, dry spring and summer of 2000. Cross-correlations for the temporal series of relative population abundances between species pairs (which are affected by both seasonal and interannual population dynamics) revealed positive associations among most murids and among most heteromyids, but there were negative associations between murids and heteromyids. These results have important implications for those attempting to model population dynamics of rodent populations for purposes of predicting disease risk.

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Cocirculation of Multiple Hantaviruses in Texas, with Characterization of the Small (S) Genome of a Previously Undescribed Virus of Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus)

Cited by 64 publications

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Infection With Sin Nombre Hantavirus: Clinical Presentation and Outcome in Children and Adolescents

Infection With Sin Nombre Hantavirus: Clinical Presentation and Outcome in Children and Adolescents

Rapid and Simple Method for Screening Wild Rodents for Antibodies to Sin Nombre Hantavirus

Population Dynamics of a Diverse Rodent Assemblage in Mixed Grass-Shrub Habitat, Southeastern Colorado, 1995–2000

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