Cochlear pathology induced by styrene

Lataye, R; Campo, Pierre; Barthélémy, C.; Loquet, Gérard Sylvian Jean Marie; Bonnet, Pierre

doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(00)00114-8

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Styrene exposure: 800 mg/kg by gavage, 1/day, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks. Gagnaire and Langlais, 2005;Lataye et al, 2000Lataye et al, , 2001Lataye et al, , 2003Loquet et al, 1999Loquet et al, , 2000Makitie et al, 2003). Our previous study showed that styrene exposure targeted OHCs and the related DCs and caused apoptosis, programmed cell death, which is believed to minimize the harmful effect of the cell death on neighboring cells .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It targets OHCs as well as Deiters cells (DCs) starting from the third row Gagnaire and Langlais, 2005;Lataye et al, 2000Lataye et al, , 2001Lataye et al, , 2003Loquet et al, 1999Loquet et al, , 2000Makitie et al, 2003 Abbreviations: CAP, compound action potential; DC, Deiters cell; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; NIHL, noise-induced hearing loss; I/O, input/output; IHC, inner hair cell; IP, inner pillar cell; OHC, outer hair cell; OP, outer pillar cell; PBS, phosphate buffer saline; PTS, permanent threshold shift; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; TNBTZ, tetranitro blue tetrazolium relatively insensitive to styrene exposure. Previously, we have observed that, even in cochleae in which all OHCs were missing, the maximal CAP amplitude was still at the normal level, indicating that the remaining IHCs were still functioning after the loss of all OHCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relation between outer hair cell loss and hearing loss in rats exposed to styrene

2008

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The relationship between outer hair cell (OHC) loss and cochlear sensitivity is still unclear, because in many animal models there exist surviving but dysfunctional OHCs and also injured/dead inner hair cells (IHC). Styrene is an ototoxic agent, which targets and destroys OHCs starting from the third row to the second and first rows depending on the exposure level. The remaining cells may be less affected. In this experiment, rats were exposed to styrene by gavage at different doses (200-800 mg/kg/day) for varying periods (5 days/week for 3-12 weeks). An interesting finding was that the cochlear sensitivity was not affected in a few rats with all OHCs in the third row being destroyed by styrene. A further loss of OHCs was usually accompanied with a linear input/output (I/O) function of cochlear compound action potentials (CAP), indicating the loss of cochlear amplification. However, normal CAP amplitudes at the highest stimulation level of 90 dB SPL were often observed when all OHCs were destroyed, indicating normal function of the remaining IHCs. The OHC-loss/hearing-loss relation appeared to be a sigmoid-type function. Initially, styrene-induced OHC losses (<33%) did not result in a significant threshold shift. Then CAP threshold shift increased dramatically with OHC loss from 33% to 66%. Then, CAP threshold changed less with OHC loss. The data suggest a tri-modal relationship between OHC loss and cochlear amplification. That is, under the condition that all surviving OHCs are ideally functioning, the cochlear amplifier is not affected until 33% of OHCs are absent, then the gain of the amplifier decreases proportionally with the OHC loss, and at last the amplifier may fail completely when more than 67% of OHCs are lost.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between outer hair cell loss and hearing loss in rats exposed to styrene

2008

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“…The location-dependency of the disruption was explained with distribution gradients of styrene measured in our previous report and antioxidants in the cochlea. Another characteristic of the styrene-induced disruption is that the degeneration starts from the third row of OHCs Gagnaire and Langlais, 2005;Lataye et al, 2000Lataye et al, , 2001Lataye et al, , 2003Loquet et al, 1999Loquet et al, , 2000Makitie et al, 2003), instead of the first row as seen in the noise-exposed cochlea. Our recent study revealed that Deiters cells were the most vulnerable target of styrene .…”

Section: The Ototoxic Effect Of Styrene In the Rat Cochleamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cochlear injuries induced by the combined exposure to noise and styrene

Chen

Henderson

2009

Hearing Research

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“…Since these early studies, the ability of chemicals to directly disrupt auditory function has been established for trichloroethylene (Crofton et al 1993;Fechter et al 1998), toluene (Campo et al 1999;Crofton et al 1994;Johnson 1993), ethyl benzene (Cappaert et al 2001), and styrene , among other agents. In addition, Lataye et al (2001Lataye et al ( , 2003 have nicely identified the route by which solvents enter the cochlea and the pattern of damage that they produce in the inner ear.…”

Section: Ototoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Creatinine: Barr et al. Respond

Barr¹,

Caudill²,

Jones³

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

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Urinary creatinine is almost universally employed to adjust concentrations of urinary analytes for variations in hydration status. In the February 2005 issue of EHP, Barr et al. used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to establish reference ranges for urinary creatinine for specific age and demographic categories (Barr et al. 2005). They reported that the significant predictors of urinary creatinine concentrations include age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and fat-free mass. Although these indicators have been known for many years, the unintentional adjustment for these covariates when urinary metabolites are expressed per gram creatinine can have profound effects on the interpretation of data. The fact that these effects are often underappreciated or even unnoticed renders this paper highly relevant to exposure assessment and well worth revisiting. In our studies of arsenic methylation and one-carbon metabolism, we have noted several additional complications when expressing urinary arsenic as micrograms per gram creatinine. Note that one-carbon metabolism refers to the folatedependent biochemical pathway responsible for methylation of DNA, arsenic, and hundreds of other substrates.Our study in Bangladesh on 1,650 adults revealed that urinary creatinine concentrations are significantly correlated with plasma folate concentrations-particularly among males, who had a higher prevalence of folate deficiency than females in Bangladesh (Gamble et al. 2005). Although this association had not been previously reported, it is not surprising considering that the formation of creatine from methylation of guanidinoacetate accounts for approximately 75% of all folate-dependent transmethylation reactions (Mudd and Poole 1975) and that creatine is the direct precursor of creatinine.In some analyses, adjusting urinary arsenic for creatinine obscured correlations between folate and arsenic metabolism. In other analyses, correlations between folate and arsenic/creatinine were due in part to the associations between folate and creatinine. Correct interpretation of the data would not be possible without considering the impact of the correlation between urinary creatinine and plasma folate. As did Barr et al. (2005), we decided to include urinary creatinine in the statistical models as a separate independent variable. However, because of the intimate link between creatine metabolism and one-carbon metabolism, inclusion of urinary creatinine in some models resulted in overcontrolling for the effects of folate and homocysteine, our variables of interest. Thus, expression of total urinary arsenic per gram creatinine runs the risk of confounding relationships between total urinary arsenic and arsenic metabolism. Adjusting for the specific gravity of urine was not useful because it is so highly correlated with urinary creatinine.In summary, we concur with Barr et al. (2005) that urinary creatinine should be included in multiple regression models as a separate independent variable; in...

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Cochlear pathology induced by styrene

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Relation between outer hair cell loss and hearing loss in rats exposed to styrene

Relation between outer hair cell loss and hearing loss in rats exposed to styrene

Cochlear injuries induced by the combined exposure to noise and styrene

Urinary Creatinine: Barr et al. Respond

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