Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. (Menispermaceae): A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities

Abstract

Background:Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. (Menispermaceae) is a perennial climber distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. The main aim of this article is to collect and analyze the scientific information related to traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Methods: Scientific information on C. hirsutus was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases (e.g. MEDLINE/PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus). Information regarding traditional uses was also acquired from secondary resources including books and proceedings. Results: Different plant parts of C. hirsutus were reported to be used for the treatment of fever, skin diseases, stomach disorders and urinary diseases. Alkaloids such as jasminitine, hirsutine, cohirsitine and their derivatives along with a few flavonoids, triterpene derivatives and volatile compounds were reported from whole plant or different plant parts. Extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective activities among others. Conclusion: Although widely used in traditional medicines, only a few studies have been performed related to chemical constituents. Most of the biological activity evaluations were carried out using in vitro evaluation methods and only a few studies were carried out in animal models. In the future, properly designed in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activities of C. hirsutus along with bioassay-guided studies to isolate and identify the active constituents.

Mining Therapeutic Efficacy from Treasure Chest of Biodiversity and Chemodiversity: Pharmacophylogeny of Ranunculales Medicinal Plants

“…A t l e a s t 8 s t r u c t u r a l t y p e s a r e i d e n t i f i e d i n alkaloids of Cocculus ; BBI are the most, followed by erythrinane, aporphine, isoquinolone, morphinane, benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, protoberberine, and others. In C. hirsutus, benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, aporphine, and BBI alkaloid were identifi ed, (50) so was the pentacyclic triterpene hirsudiol. The curine-type BBI Wattisine A, O-methylcocsoline, (+) cocsoline, (+) cocsuline, magnoflorine, sino-coculine, isosinococuline, (-) coclaurine, daucosterol, β-sitosterol and 1-oleioyl-3-(9Z, 12Z-arachoyl) glycerol were isolated from the root of C. orbiculatus var.…”

“…Extracts of Cocculus have antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective activities. (50) The genus Cyclea is most commonly used in heatclearing and detoxification (TRI 847, β 83), followed by sore throat (TRI 476, β 83), carbuncle-abscess and sore-toxin (TRI 408, β 50), snakebite (TRI 400, β 67) and urinary tract infection (TRI 313, β 50). (-)-Curine, a BBI alkaloid from the roots of Cyclea wattii, induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a p53-independent way.…”

Clinical safety and pharmacokinetic evaluation of aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus, an anti-viral phytopharmacetical drug as a potential for the treatment of dengue and COVID-19

“…AQCH is an aqueous extract of stem of Cocculus hirsutus (family: Menispermaceae), a climbing shrub distributed widely in India and Africa [1] Cocculus hirsustus (commonly known as Jal-Jamni in India) has been used from centuries in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) which is one of the most ancient yet living traditions with sound philosophical and experimental basis to cure various diseases and ailments. In Ayurveda various extracts from different parts of this plant (Cocculus hirsustus) are being used for their medicinal properties and is becoming increasingly popular, with many chronic conditions responding well to it [2,4].…”

Efficacy and Safety of a Phytopharmaceutical Drug Derived from Cocculus hirsutus in Adults with Moderate COVID-19: a Phase 2, Open-label, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus (AQCH) is a phytopharmaceutical drug with potential as a novel treatment for COVID-19. Cocculus hirsutus is a tropical plant found in parts of Africa and Asia, which has been widely used in traditional medicine owing to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties [18]. AQCH is in clinical development as an antiviral drug and has undergone comprehensive preclinical studies, including acute and repeated dose toxicity studies of oral AQCH in rodent and non-rodent species, as well as a phase 1 clinical trial (manuscripts submitted).…”